Resistência masculina aumenta a sobrecarga financeira da sociedade e o sofrimento físico e emocional do paciente e de sua família, segundo a Política Nacional do Ministério da Saúde
São Paulo, julho de 2021 – No dia 15 de julho é celebrado o ‘Dia do Homem’, data que busca chamar a atenção da sociedade para os cuidados com a saúde masculina. Por isso, a Astellas Farma Brasil se uniu à Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia (SBU) para renovar a campanha ‘Trato Feito com a Saúde’, com o propósito de conscientizar o público sobre doenças e condições relacionadas ao sexo masculino, como o câncer de próstata e os sintomas urinários, além de desmistificar tabus sobre exames de prevenção, que são responsáveis por diagnosticar doenças em estágios iniciais, quando há maiores chances de recuperação e cura.
De acordo com a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem, definida pelo Ministério da Saúde, diversos estudos comparativos entre homens e mulheres têm comprovado o fato de que os homens são mais vulneráveis às doenças, sobretudo às graves e crônicas¹. Isso porque os homens não buscam com frequência os serviços de atenção básica à saúde, principalmente por conta de estereótipos de gênero. Enraizadas há séculos em nossa cultura, essas ideias potencializam a visão de que o cuidado com a saúde pode ser visto como um sinal de fragilidade¹. Segundo o mesmo documento, a resistência masculina aumenta não somente a sobrecarga financeira da sociedade, mas também, o sofrimento físico e emocional do paciente e de sua família¹.
A pesquisa ‘Um Novo Olhar Para a Saúde do Homem’, realizada pelo Instituto Lado a Lado, em parceria da revista Veja Saúde e com o apoio da Astellas, corrobora com as informações levantadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Os dados mostram que quase 37% dos homens até 39 anos, e 20% daqueles acima dos 40, admitem visitar um profissional apenas quando se sentem mal. Além disso, apesar de 37% dos entrevistados enxergarem o urologista como o médico do homem, 59% deles não costumam visitar esse profissional. De acordo com o diretor médico da Astellas Dr. Roberto Soler, esses dados demonstram a falta de conhecimento da população. “Infelizmente, há pouca informação acessível e que seja de fácil entendimento para o público. A própria Política de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem, do Ministério da Saúde, apesar de ainda ser útil, possui conteúdo desatualizado, já que foi publicada em 2008.”
Condições urológicas que atingem os homens
Entre as condições urológicas que podem acometer os homens, especialmente após os 50 anos de idade, estão o câncer de próstata e os sintomas do trato urinário inferior. É importante ressaltar que o câncer de próstata quando diagnosticado precocemente tem mais de 90% de chances de cura².
Já os sintomas do trato urinário inferior, apesar de geralmente serem relacionados a uma condição benigna da próstata ou da bexiga, afetam consideravelmente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, pois podem levar à necessidade frequente de urinar, à dificuldade de esvaziar completamente a bexiga e até à incontinência urinária (perda de urina), dificultando ou impossibilitando atividades diárias. No entanto, há tratamento simples, com poucos efeitos colaterais, disponíveis para o cuidado com a condição¹.
O câncer de próstata infelizmente não possui métodos de prevenção, já que ele se desenvolve devido a fatores genéticos e, principalmente, pelo envelhecimento. No entanto, é possível obter o diagnóstico precoce por meio de exames de rotina, como o PSA, que é realizado com uma coleta simples de sangue e com o toque retal, que podem indicar a necessidade de biópsia de próstata para a confirmação diagnóstica.
É indicado que os homens realizem os exames preventivos a partir dos 50 anos, no entanto, para aqueles com histórico familiar da doença e homens negros, que possuem incidência de duas a três vezes maior que o restante da população masculina, aconselha-se procurar um médico urologista a partir dos 45 anos ³. Importante mencionar que o câncer de próstata não apresenta sintomas em sua fase inicial, por isso o rastreamento é tão necessário.
Mitos e tabus em torno do tratamento
É fundamental, também, que os tabus que ainda existem em torno da doença e, principalmente, do exame de toque, sejam desmistificados. Segundo a pesquisa citada, 35% dos entrevistados nunca realizaram o toque retal. “O exame é muito simples e rápido, mas infelizmente há muito preconceito entre os homens, que ainda relacionam o toque com a perda da masculinidade ou da virilidade. Entretanto, este é um dos exames mais comuns e que possibilita ao médico sentir uma parte da próstata e notar se há alguma alteração no órgão que necessite de uma maior investigação”, esclarece Dr. Soler.
Além dos mitos envolvendo os exames preventivos, o Manual de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem também aponta que há ainda uma resistência com relação a tratamentos crônicos ou de longa duração, que acabam contando com menor adesão por parte dos homens.
Este é o caso, por exemplo, de homens que possuem câncer de próstata em estágio avançado. A terapia acaba exigindo um grande empenho do paciente e, normalmente, impacta na mudança de hábitos de vida e comportamentais. Portanto, não é raro que homens abandonem os cuidados com a saúde, mesmo no caso do câncer de próstata.
“Antigamente, as tecnologias disponíveis eram mais agressivas. Hoje, há muita inovação no mercado, tratamentos mais modernos e tecnológicos, como a quimioterapia oral, que pode ser realizada em casa, proporcionando mais conforto e melhor qualidade de vida ao paciente e à sua família”, comenta o diretor médico da Astellas.
Outro ponto crucial a ser discutido atualmente é a adaptação da área da saúde para o atendimento e tratamento do câncer de próstata em todos os tipos de pessoas, incluindo a comunidade LGBTQIA+. Devemos levar em conta a pluralidade, incluindo homens cisgênero homossexuais e mulheres trans. “Apesar do tratamento ser o mesmo para todos, o acolhimento dos médicos e da equipe durante consultas, exames e procedimentos é essencial para que essas pessoas se sintam à vontade para cuidar da própria saúde, sem medo de sofrer preconceito”, conclui Dr. Soler.
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