Em agosto do ano passado, dinheiro passou do FGTS para o Tesouro
Por Wellton Máximo – Agência Brasil/Brasília
A alegria da corretora de seguros aposentada Maria Aparecida Leandro Ferreira, 62 anos, durou pouco. Ao receber a primeira aposentadoria, ela descobriu que tinha direito a cerca de R$ 3,4 mil dos antigos fundos do Programa de Integração Social (PIS) e do Programa de Formação do Patrimônio do Servidor Público (Pasep). Ao ir a uma agência da Caixa Econômica Federal, em janeiro deste ano, ela descobriu que o dinheiro está preso na conta única do Tesouro Nacional e, pelo menos até outubro, não pode ser sacado por causa de um atraso na elaboração de um sistema informático pelo Ministério da Fazenda.
“Não fui avisada em nenhum momento de que tinha um saldo a receber [as cotas antigas do PIS/Pasep]. Só soube quando recebi aquele documento do INSS [Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social], ao me aposentar, que dizia que eu poderia ir a uma agência da Caixa e efetuar o saque do PIS/Pasep”, recorda. O Fundo PIS/Pasep beneficiou quem trabalhou com carteira assinada entre 1971 e 1988, data de promulgação da Constituição brasileira.
Por alguns instantes, Aparecida achou ter sido vítima de fraude, quando o sistema da agência da Caixa no Guará 2, cidade a 10 quilômetros de Brasília, informou que o dinheiro não estava mais no Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Serviço (FGTS). “Depois, a gerente da agência desceu com a informação de que o dinheiro estava no Tesouro Nacional e que era passível de resgate, mas ela não sabia como, onde, nem quando fazer a retirada”, relembra a aposentada.
Em nota à Agência Brasil, o Ministério da Fazenda informou que uma portaria editada pela pasta no fim de junho adiou, para 28 de outubro, o prazo para a conclusão do sistema de tecnologia da informação que vai operacionalizar os pagamentos das cotas em poder do Tesouro ao trabalhador. O prazo anterior estava fixado em 30 de junho deste ano. A pasta também informou que a Caixa Econômica fará os pagamentos após a conclusão do sistema.
Em junho do ano passado, um chamamento público do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego estabeleceu que os pedidos de saque após a transferência dos recursos para o Tesouro podem ser feitos nas agências da Caixa. As requisições, no entanto, estão paradas no banco até a conclusão do sistema informático.
Histórico
O dinheiro, na verdade, esteve disponível para Aparecida e a cerca de 23,8 milhões de brasileiros desde agosto de 2018, quando o governo anterior liberou o saque das antigas cotas. Por oito meses, o dinheiro pôde ser retirado nas agências da Caixa (no caso do PIS) e do Banco do Brasil (no caso do Pasep). Na ocasião, havia R$ 35 bilhões que poderiam ser resgatados.
Em 2019, o governo anterior flexibilizou as regras e simplificou o saque por herdeiros de pessoas falecidas que tinham cotas no antigo fundo. Em abril de 2020, no início da pandemia de covid-19, o governo editou uma medida provisória que extinguiu o antigo Fundo PIS/Pasep e transferiu os recursos à conta do FGTS em nome do trabalhador. Em vez de ir a uma agência bancária, bastava o titular ou herdeiro requerer o dinheiro por meio do aplicativo FGTS, que transferia o saldo para qualquer conta bancária indicada pelo beneficiário.
Na verdade, o saque das cotas do Fundo PIS/Pasep começou em 2017, mas era restrito a pessoas com mais de 60 anos. Na ocasião, cerca de 4,8 milhões de cotistas resgataram R$ 6,6 bilhões. Com a ampliação do saque, em 2018, o número de pessoas que poderiam sacar subiu para 23,8 milhões, que tinham R$ 35,7 bilhões a receber. Em 2019, restavam 10,8 milhões de trabalhadores para sacar as cotas do PIS e cerca de 30 mil para retirar as cotas do Pasep.
Apesar de intensas campanhas na mídia, quando o dinheiro foi transferido ao Tesouro, em agosto do ano passado, 10,5 milhões de trabalhadores e aposentados, entre os quais Aparecida, ainda não tinham sacado R$ 26,3 bilhões. O valor equivale aos R$ 25,2 bilhões transferidos em 2020 mais os rendimentos do período em que o dinheiro ficou nas contas do FGTS. Cada cotista tem, em média, direito a R$ 2,4 mil, segundo o Conselho Curador do FGTS.
Déficit primário
No fim de 2022, a Emenda Constitucional da Transição determinou a transferência dos recursos do FGTS à conta única do Tesouro Nacional. Em junho do ano passado, o Conselho Curador do FGTS autorizou a transferência ao Tesouro. O dinheiro foi repassado em agosto do ano passado.
A devolução dos recursos reforçou o caixa do governo federal no ano passado, impedindo que o déficit primário subisse ainda mais. Resultado negativo das contas do governo sem os juros da dívida pública, o déficit primário encerrou 2023 em R$ 230,54 bilhões, por causa do pagamento de precatórios (dívidas com sentença judicial definitiva) adiados pelo governo anterior.
Mesmo com a transferência ao Tesouro, o trabalhador poderá resgatar o recurso em até cinco anos. Em caso de morte do beneficiário, os dependentes e herdeiros têm direito aos recursos. No entanto, a liberação dos saques depende da conclusão do sistema informático.
Maria Aparecida afirma ter recebido os esclarecimentos sobre a situação apenas por meio da reportagem. “Na Caixa, a orientação era abrir uma ocorrência interna, e quando o valor estivesse disponível, automaticamente ia cair na conta do banco que informei. A gerente me disse ainda que não havia necessidade de voltar para saber da ocorrência. Desde janeiro, não procurei mais a agência e só soube o que realmente está acontecendo pela Agência Brasil”, afirmou a aposentada.
Documentos
Caso o saque seja pedido pelo próprio titular, basta apresentar documento oficial de identificação. Caso as cotas sejam requeridas por herdeiros, dependentes e sucessores, além do documento oficial de identificação, é necessário apresentar a certidão PIS/Pasep/FGTS ou carta de concessão – pensão por morte previdenciária e sua relação de beneficiários, emitida pela Previdência Social.
Os sucessores também podem apresentar, no lugar da carta de concessão, um dos seguintes documentos: declaração de dependentes habilitados à pensão emitida pelo órgão pagador do benefício; autorização judicial; escritura pública assinada por todos os dependentes e sucessores, se capazes e concordantes. No caso da escritura pública, é necessário atestar por escrito a autorização do saque e declarar não haver outros dependentes ou sucessores conhecidos.
Foto Capa: Marcelo Camargo/Agência Brasil
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