Pandemia e nova forma de influenciar estão entre os motivos
Por Flávia Albuquerque – Repórter da Agência Brasil
Levantamento do projeto Mais pelo Jornalismo (MPJ) revela que 2.352 mídias jornalísticas desapareceram do Brasil desde 2014. No período, 10.795 veículos, entre jornais, rádios, TVs e portais foram criados, enquanto 13.147 tiveram as atividades extintas. 
O estudo é baseado no cadastro de mídias da plataforma de mailings de imprensa I’Max, financiadora do projeto e idealizadora do MPJ. Também foram analisados dados específicos de veículos impressos e rádios em cidades com até 100 mil habitantes. De 2,4 mil estações de rádio analisadas, 1.248 não possuíam portal de notícias (52%). Já entre 1 mil veículos de mídia escrita, 214 não tinham site próprio (21%).
“O saldo em uma década é negativo e nós não estamos falando de mídias pequenas. São mídias centenárias, que representavam cidades muito populosas e que simplesmente foram descontinuadas porque a transformação digital e a maneira que as pessoas consomem notícia impactou o negócio do jornalismo”, explica a CEO do I’Max, Fernanda Lara.
Fernanda destaca ainda que o período da pandemia de covid-19 foi um fator relevante para o saldo negativo, com os anos de 2021 e 2022 tendo resultados negativos mais expressivos. “A partir de então, vemos uma recuperação. Nos últimos dois anos, 2023 e 2024, a produção jornalística brasileira ganhou fôlego, mas os números acumulados ainda assustam. Apesar dessa leve recuperação, o déficit permanece bem mais elevado do que tínhamos em 2020, quando o acumulado estava em 1.429”, afirma.
De acordo com Fernanda, novos veículos de comunicação vêm surgindo, principalmente porque muitos jornalistas são independentes, os chamados de news influencers, que estão se colocando como especialistas em algum assunto e criando o próprio veículo de comunicação. Entretanto, ainda existe a questão relacionada ao financiamento do jornalismo, que se coloca como uma dificuldade.
“Não é fácil você estabelecer uma publicidade séria para que, mesmo com esse novo fôlego, essas mídias se mantenham ativas comunicando e informando a sociedade no longo prazo. Então, diante de um cenário que ainda se mostra muito negativo, nós, como uma empresa do setor e que entende a importância do jornalismo especialmente pelos lados de democracia, resolvemos fazer esse projeto chamado Mais pelo Jornalismo”, diz a CEO do I’Max.
Transição
Segundo a análise da jornalista e pesquisadora do Centro de Pesquisa em Comunicação e Trabalho, da ECA/USP, Claudia Nonato, nas últimas décadas, o Brasil passou por uma migração de jornalistas de veículos tidos como tradicionais (jornal, rádio e TV) para as plataformas digitais. Em um primeiro momento, esses profissionais se mantiveram entre os dois, o tradicional e o digital. Ao mesmo tempo, as verbas e apoio publicitário migraram para o digital, fazendo com que os pequenos veículos não sobrevivessem.
“Nesse movimento, o número de impressos foi reduzido, enquanto as rádios se ampliaram (com a facilidade da internet), os veículos digitais (blogs, sites e plataformas) se fortaleceram e se tornaram muito mais atrativos para esses profissionais, que inclusive se motivaram a criar novas mídias”, disse Claudia.
Mesmo assim ela aponta um saldo positivo, como a criação de novos formatos, modelos de financiamento, distribuição de conteúdo, cargos e funções dentro do jornalismo digital. “Houve também, segundo o Atlas da Notícia (iniciativa que mapeia o jornalismo local no país) uma redução de 9,5% no número de municípios considerados desertos de notícias no Brasil, além do crescimento das rádios comunitárias e do jornalismo local nessas regiões”, afirmou.
Já o lado negativo, para a especialista foi a mudança no consumo da informação por parte do público e a consequente difusão da desinformação, que passou a pautar a sociedade e a política nos últimos anos, trazendo grandes desafios para o jornalismo.
“O profissional também precisou se reinventar: migrou do analógico para o digital, passou a ter novas funções além da escrita. As equipes foram reduzidas, o local de trabalho deixou de existir, passou para o remoto, e o salário se tornou mais baixo”.
Ela destaca que nesse contexto sobrevivem os grandes veículos de comunicação e surgem os novos, a partir do digital. Mas a grande dificuldade está no financiamento desses pequenos veículos, que hoje sobrevivem de apoio de fundações, vaquinha virtual ou de editais públicos.
“As grandes plataformas, como a Meta e Google, entre outras, viram nessas iniciativas uma oportunidade de investimento, em troca do trabalho, dos dados e informações desses profissionais. A partir dessas dificuldades, novas iniciativas que incentivem a sobrevivência e o financiamento dessas mídias serão sempre bem-vindas’.
Foto: © Valter Campanato/Agência Brasil
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