Câmara aprova isenção do IR para quem ganha até R$ 5 mil

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Proposta precisa agora ser votada no Senado

POR LUCIANO NASCIMENTO – AG|ÊNCIA BRASIL (https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/)

A Câmara dos Deputados aprovou nesta quarta-feira (1º), com 493 votos favoráveis e nenhum contrário, o texto-base do projeto de Lei (PL) 1.087/2025, que prevê isenção de Imposto de Renda (IR) para pessoas físicas com renda mensal de até R$ 5 mil e desconto para quem ganha até R$ 7.350 mensais. 

A proposta, encaminhada pelo governo federal, ainda terá que ser aprovada no Senado, antes da sanção pelo presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva para entrar em vigor.

A redução do IR foi uma promessa de campanha de Lula em 2022. Enviado para a Câmara em março, o texto foi aprovado em uma comissão especial que analisou o texto.

Atualmente, são isentos do imposto quem ganha até R$ 3.036. O projeto determina que, em 2026, as pessoas que ganham até R$ 5 mil, terão um desconto mensal de até R$ 312,89, de modo que o imposto devido seja zero. Já quem ganha de R$ 5.000,01 até R$ 7.350,00, o desconto será de R$ 978,62.

Segundo o governo, com a aprovação da proposta, serão beneficiados com a isenção mais de 26,6 milhões de contribuintes, em 2026.

Após a aprovação unânime, o presidente da Câmara, Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), destacou que a aprovação é um dia histórico para o país e para o Parlamento.

“Aqui demonstramos que quando o tema é o bem-estar das famílias brasileiras, não há lados, nem divisões. É interesse do país acima de qualquer diferença”, disse. “A Câmara dos Deputados sabe ouvir, decidir e estar ao lado do Brasil”, acrescentou.

Compensação

Para compensar a isenção, cujo custo está estimado será de R$ 25,8 bilhões aos cofres públicos, o projeto prevê a tributação das pessoas com rendimentos acima de R$ 600 mil por ano, com uma alíquota progressiva de até 10%.

A alíquota máxima incidirá para quem recebe anualmente a partir de R$ 1,2 milhão. Além disso, ela não será aplicada para quem já paga a alíquota máximo do IR, que é de 27,5%.

Segundo o Ministério da Fazenda, a medida atingirá cerca de 140 mil pessoas, 0,13% dos contribuintes, que hoje pagam, em média, apenas 2,54% de Imposto de Renda.

O relator do projeto, deputado Arthur Lira (PP-AL), estima que haverá uma sobra de R$ 12,7 bilhões até 2027 com a taxação. Em seu parecer, Lira destinou esses recursos para compensar a redução da alíquota da Contribuição sobre Bens e Serviços (CBS), instituída pela Reforma Tributária.

“É importante ressaltar que esse projeto vai atender diretamente a 15,5 milhões de pessoas no país. Esse projeto é fruto de uma base de cálculo de quase R$ 227 bilhões, que é apurado no imposto de renda no Brasil. E estamos discutindo uma renúncia de receita, no primeiro ano de, R$ 25,4 bilhões, portanto 10% do valor total do imposto de renda pago por todos os brasileiros”, disse.

Justiça tributária

O deputado Carlos Zarattini (PT-SP) disse que com o projeto, o país começa a fazer justiça tributária.

“Nosso país é um país da desigualdade, é um país onde uma ínfima minoria detém a maior parte da riqueza enquanto a maioria do povo brasileiro vive em difíceis condições. A justiça tributária precisa ser feita e esse projeto que mira na justiça tributária. Uma justiça que pode reduzir as desigualdades, que pode fazer com que as pessoas de menor renda e a classe média brasileira possam ter uma capacidade de consumo melhor, uma capacidade de viver melhor a sua vida”, afirmou.

A deputada Fernanda Melchiona (PSOL-RS) lembrou que a iniciativa foi pautada após as manifestações de setembro contra a proposta de Emenda à Constituição (PEC) das prerrogativas, a chamada PEC da Blindagem e o projeto de anistia aos presos pelos atos golpistas de 8 de janeiro de 2023.

“Esse projeto é muito importante, milhões de brasileiros serão impactados com a redução imediata do imposto de renda e com a redução para quem ganha entre R$ 5 mil e R$ 7 mil e, ao mesmo tempo, um imposto mínimo que vai ser cobrado dos super-ricos”, completou.

Críticas

A iniciativa foi objeto de críticas de alguns parlamentares. O deputado Gilson Marques (Novo-SC) disse que os recursos não irão para os mais pobres e criticou a tributação de lucros e dividendos. 

“Vamos cobrar dos mais ricos, são só 140 mil pessoas para dar para os mais pobres. Isso é mentira! Esse dinheiro não vai para os mais pobres, vai para os políticos. E é melhor que esse dinheiro ficasse ainda que com os mais ricos, porque são eles que empregam, compram as máquinas, fazem os produtos”, argumentou.

O texto determina que o emprego ou a entrega de lucros e dividendos por uma mesma pessoa jurídica a uma mesma pessoa física residente no Brasil em montante superior a R$ 50 mil mensal ficará sujeito à retenção na fonte do IRPF à alíquota de 10% sobre o total do valor pago, creditado, empregado ou entregue.

Não ficarão sujeitos à incidência do imposto sobre a renda na fonte, os lucros e dividendos relativos a resultados apurados até o ano-calendário de 2025, e cuja distribuição tenha sido aprovada até 31 de dezembro de 2025.

Mais cedo, o deputado Bibo Nunes (PL-RS) classificou a medida como “populista”, apesar de concordar que seja necessária. “É só jogada política, clientelismo, por que Lula não apresentou isso no primeiro ano [de governo]?”, questionou.

Para o deputado Luiz Carlos Hauly (Pode-PR), a proposta é uma medida eleitoral, mas sem reparo estrutural. “Isso resolveu o problema do imposto dos pobres? Não. O pobre continua pagando a mais alta carga tributária do mundo. Isso é enganação. Não tem nada a ver com a reestruturação do sistema de carga tributária sobre os pobres”, disse.

Foto: © Lula Marques/Agência Brasi

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