Ideia é resgatar jovens que já passaram da faixa etária de imunização
Por Tâmara Freire – Repórter da Agência Brasil
No Brasil há pelo menos 7 milhões de adolescentes entre 15 a 19 anos que não estão vacinados contra o HPV, apesar de já terem saído da faixa etária adequada para receber o imunizante, que é de 9 a 14 anos. Por isso, o Ministério da Saúde vai realizar ao longo deste ano uma campanha de resgate, para identificar e vacinar esses adolescentes.
O HPV é o vírus responsável por quase 100% dos casos de câncer do colo do útero, o terceiro tipo de câncer mais incidente entre as mulheres brasileiras. Ele também pode causar câncer no ânus, pênis, vagina e garganta. A vacina disponível atualmente no Sistema Único de Saúde protege contra os quatro subtipos que mais provocam câncer e também verrugas e feridas nos órgãos genitais.
A vacina tem maior eficácia se for aplicada antes do início da vida sexual, porque isso diminui muito as chances de uma infecção prévia, já que a via sexual é a principal forma de transmissão do HPV. Por isso, a faixa etária da vacinação de rotina vai de 9 a 14 anos.
A consultora médica da Fundação do Câncer Flavia Correa ressalta que é fundamental resgatar quem não foi vacinado, para que o Brasil avance rumo à meta de eliminar o câncer de colo do útero. Segundo ela, quando o país começou a vacinação contra o HPV, em 2014, houve uma cobertura excelente na primeira dose, chegando a quase 100%. Já na segunda dose, teve uma queda muito grande, porque houve muito terrorismo contra a vacina.
“Depois disso, a gente teve a pandemia de covid-19, quando despencou a cobertura de todas as vacinas e agora a gente está num momento de recuperar essas coberturas vacinais. E a vacina protege contra quatro tipos de vírus. Então, mesmo que a pessoa tenha tido contato com um desses tipos, pode não ter tido contato com os outros. Então, ainda existe um benefício”, explica a médica.
Estratégias
Inicialmente, a ação é voltada para 121 municípios com as piores coberturas vacinais. Neles, vivem quase 3 milhões de adolescentes de ambos os gêneros não vacinados contra o HPV. A meta é que pelo menos 90% deles receba o imunizante. Quem não tiver certeza se tomou a vacina também deverá ser imunizado por precaução.
Para garantir a campanha de resgate, todos os estados contemplados devem solicitar doses extras da vacina contra o HPV ao Ministério da Saúde, que vai se encarregar da compra e distribuição. Em uma cartilha lançada essa semana com orientações aos municípios, a pasta recomenda que também seja feita a vacinação fora das unidades de saúde, em locais como escolas e shoppings.
A cartilha destaca que a vacinação de rotina, para meninas e meninos de 9 a 14 anos, deve continuar normalmente. Desde abril do ano passado, o esquema vacinal é de apenas uma dose. A vacina contra o HPV é contraindicada apenas para gestantes e pessoas com hipersensibilidade grave ou alergia a levedura.
A consultora médica Flávia Correa lembra ainda que o imunizante é bastante seguro: “Já foram mais de 500 milhões de doses aplicadas no mundo todo. Ela tem um perfil de segurança ótimo. Os países que introduziram a vacinação há mais tempo já tiveram uma diminuição na prevalência de infecção de HPV e até na incidência de câncer de colo do útero. Ela é muito eficaz. Sempre que você tem prevenção primária, essa é a melhor maneira de evitar as doenças”, alerta a especialista.
Foto: © Rovena Rosa/ Agência Brasil
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