Lesões persistentes e dificuldade para engolir são sinais de alerta; diagnóstico precoce e cuidado odontológico são essenciais para o sucesso do tratamento
MARIANNE MARIANO – ASCOM/ONCOMED MT (ÍNTEGRA COMUNICAÇÃO ESTRATÉGICA)
Acordar, escovar os dentes, observar a boca, a língua, a gengiva — e, se algo parecer diferente, buscar ajuda. É simples assim que começa a principal estratégia contra o câncer bucal: olhar com atenção e não ignorar os sinais. Lesões que não cicatrizam, manchas na mucosa oral, dor ao engolir ou falar podem ser o primeiro alerta para um câncer que ainda é diagnosticado tardiamente na maioria dos casos.
O câncer de boca abrange uma variedade de tumores malignos que afetam estruturas bucais como gengivas, céu da boca, bochechas, lábios e língua. Embora seja mais comum em homens acima dos 40 anos, a doença não exclui as mulheres e pode se manifestar de forma ainda mais agressiva em indivíduos com menos de 30 anos. Nesses casos, um dos principais fatores de risco é o HPV (Papilomavírus Humano), infecção sexualmente transmissível que também pode acometer a região da cavidade oral.
Para a cirurgiã-dentista da Oncomed-MT, Bruna Bumlai, o consultório é a porta de entrada ideal para o diagnóstico precoce, é por meio desse profissional que sinais e sintomas da doença podem ser identificados e investigados. “Feridas na boca que persistem por mais de 15 dias, placas brancas ou vermelhas, sangramentos, alterações na fala ou na deglutição são sinais de alerta. Nenhuma lesão deve ser subestimada”, afirma. O hábito de consultar o dentista regularmente deve estar na agenda de seis em seis meses. “O tabagismo, consumo frequente de álcool e HPV aumentam significativamente o risco de contrair a doença. Mas mesmo pacientes sem fatores de risco evidentes precisam estar atentos”.
Abordagem cirúrgica e multidisciplinar – Na maioria dos casos, o tratamento do câncer bucal é cirúrgico. O cirurgião de cabeça e pescoço da Oncomed-MT, Pedro Turra, destaca que, quando a doença é detectada precocemente, as intervenções tendem a ser menos invasivas e com bons resultados funcionais e estéticos.
“Em muitos casos, conseguimos preservar funções essenciais, como a fala e a deglutição. É um tratamento que pode apresentar certa complexidade, exigindo, em diversas situações, a reconstrução das áreas afetadas pelo tumor. A abordagem terapêutica será definida conforme as particularidades de cada caso”, explica. Ele reforça a importância de uma abordagem integrada, que vá além da cirurgia. “É fundamental contar com uma equipe multidisciplinar desde o início: dentistas oncológicos, oncologistas, fonoaudiólogos, nutricionistas, psicólogos. O cuidado não termina na remoção do tumor. Envolve reabilitação e acolhimento”.
O papel do dentista no cuidado oncológico – Bruna Bumlai destaca que o papel do cirurgião-dentista vai muito além do diagnóstico. A saúde bucal precisa estar em dia antes de iniciar qualquer tratamento oncológico, especialmente em casos de radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço ou determinadas quimioterapias. Durante todo o tratamento, a presença do dentista é essencial, oferecendo recursos individualizados que contribuem significativamente para a qualidade de vida do paciente. “Utilizamos técnicas como a laserterapia, que emprega feixes de luz laser para reduzir inflamações, aliviar dores, prevenir infecções e promover a cicatrização. É um cuidado contínuo e fundamental”, afirma.
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