Chuvas intensas, ventos fortes, alagamentos e falta de energia assombram cidades em todo o país

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Uma frente fria atinge o Brasil nesta semana, trazendo chuvas fortes para pelo menos 23 estados e gerando alertas de alagamentos e deslizamentos de terra. No litoral paulista, as precipitações já deixaram centenas de pessoas desabrigadas. A situação expõe a fragilidade das redes aéreas de distribuição elétrica, com especialistas e parlamentares defendendo a necessidade urgente de modernização para enfrentar crises climáticas cada vez mais frequentes

Por Caroline Soares/ ClariCom

Uma frente fria que chegou ao Brasil nesta semana continuará a afetar o território nacional nesta sexta-feira (10), trazendo chuvas fortes para ao menos 23 estados. Desde segunda-feira, precipitações têm sido registradas em grande parte do país, e o Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (Inmet) alertou que as chuvas vão persistir nas regiões Centro-Oeste, Norte, Nordeste e Sudeste, com risco de alagamentos e deslizamentos de terra, especialmente no litoral do Sul e do Sudeste.

No litoral sul do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Paraná, um alerta laranja foi emitido, sinalizando “perigo” para a população devido ao risco de alagamentos, transbordamentos de rios e deslizamentos de encostas. As chuvas devem ser intensas, com precipitação entre 30 e 60 mm/h ou até 100 mm por dia. Em outras áreas do litoral, como o norte de Santa Catarina, um alerta amarelo foi emitido, indicando “Perigo Potencial” para pequenos deslizamentos e alagamentos.

Além disso, em estados como Rio de Janeiro, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Piauí, Tocantins, Pará, entre outros, espera-se chuvas de 30 a 60 mm/h e ventos intensos, que podem causar interrupções no fornecimento de energia elétrica, quedas de árvores e riscos de descargas elétricas. A região norte e nordeste do país também está sob alerta amarelo para chuvas entre 20 e 30 mm/h, com ventos de 40 a 60 km/h.

A crise expõe consequências diretas e preocupantes na vida da população, como destacou o deputado federal Marcelo Crivella. “O impacto das chuvas vai muito além dos transtornos imediatos. Estamos falando de perdas de alimentos em geladeiras devido à falta de energia, pessoas presas em elevadores por conta de apagões, alagamentos que deixam famílias ilhadas e comprometem a mobilidade urbana, prejuízos no comércio que dependem de refrigeração para manter estoques e até interrupções em serviços essenciais, como hospitais e transporte público. O sistema aéreo de distribuição elétrica tem mostrado cada vez mais a sua vulnerabilidade diante das adversidades climáticas, expondo a necessidade urgente de modernização e resiliência da nossa infraestrutura elétrica”, enfatizou.

Menos de 1% da rede elétrica brasileira é subterrânea. São Paulo possui apenas 60 quilômetros de cabos aterrados, enquanto cidades como Rio de Janeiro e Belo Horizonte contam com 11% e 2% de redes subterrâneas, respectivamente. No cenário internacional, o contraste é ainda mais evidente: Londres e Paris começaram a enterrar seus fios no século XIX, e Nova York já possui 71% de sua rede subterrânea.

A implementação de redes subterrâneas em São Paulo, no entanto, esbarra nos custos elevados. A Prefeitura estima que apenas a região central demandaria investimentos de aproximadamente R$20 bilhões. Mesmo assim, Crivella defende que os benefícios compensam os gastos. “Além de evitar apagões, o sistema subterrâneo reduz furtos de energia e cabos, melhora a segurança pública e gera economia a longo prazo”, explicou.

O deputado relembrou o Projeto de Lei nº 37/2011, de sua autoria, que obrigaria as concessionárias a substituir redes aéreas por subterrâneas em cidades com mais de 100 mil habitantes. Arquivado na época, Crivella lamenta a oportunidade perdida: “Se tivesse sido aprovado, hoje contaríamos com uma rede mais segura e eficiente”.

Especialistas e parlamentares argumentam que a crise energética atual deve ser um alerta para a necessidade urgente de modernização do setor elétrico, especialmente em um contexto de mudanças climáticas e tempestades mais frequentes. “Precisamos de uma rede de distribuição à altura dos desafios impostos pelas crises climáticas, que assegure um fornecimento estável e seguro para todos”, concluiu Crivella.

O debate sobre redes subterrâneas deve continuar a ganhar força, unindo esforços entre gestores públicos, concessionárias e sociedade civil para modernizar a infraestrutura energética de São Paulo e do Brasil.

Foto: ClariCom/ Divulgação

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