Pesquisa divulgada pela confederação mostra que tributação, burocracia e ineficiências estruturais são os principais entraves ao desenvolvimento do setor industrial brasileiro
POR DÉBORA SOUZA – AGÊNCIA BRASIL 61 (
A Confederação Nacional da Indústria (CNI) divulgou uma pesquisa inédita que revela os principais obstáculos enfrentados pela indústria brasileira para competir no mercado internacional. De acordo com o levantamento, 45% dos empresários apontam a tributação e a complexidade tributária como os maiores entraves. Em segundo lugar está o Custo Brasil, citado por 35% dos entrevistados, seguido da falta de mão de obra qualificada (31%), burocracia e ambiente regulatório (25%) e insegurança jurídica (22%).
O chamado Custo Brasil representa uma soma de ineficiências, como entraves logísticos, excesso de burocracia, dificuldades tributárias, baixa qualidade da educação e insegurança jurídica, que encarecem a operação das empresas e reduzem a competitividade. De acordo com a CNI, esse custo já foi estimado em R$ 1,7 trilhão por ano, valor equivalente a 20% do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) do país.
O vice-presidente da CNI, Leo de Castro, explica que o Custo Brasil representa a diferença entre produzir no Brasil e produzir nos países que integram a Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE), considerados os mercados mais competitivos do mundo. “No Brasil, nós trabalhamos com um déficit em relação aos países da OCDE, que tira a competitividade de tudo que é produzido aqui, que faz com que os produtos também aqui produzidos fiquem mais caros para quem consome e para quem compra dentro do nosso país.”
Leo de Castro destaca que o combate ao Custo Brasil é uma agenda de redução de desperdícios, que não retira direitos, mas cria condições reais de competitividade. “Abrir mão de um quinto do PIB nacional em coisas que não agregam valor para ninguém e que tiram poder de compra da população, que tiram a oportunidade da indústria brasileira se desenvolver mais, exportar mais e se tornar mais relevante, isso tem que ser prioridade no país”, ressalta.
Para o tributarista Gustavo Conde, coordenador Tributário do escritório Vieira e Serra Advogados Associados, a complexidade tributária é um dos maiores entraves do ambiente de negócios no Brasil. “Um dos principais fatores é a vasta legislação tributária. A reforma tributária vem para tentar melhorar isso. Nós temos muitos tributos diferentes, então, isso traz um custo operacional muito grande. O fato de termos tributos ainda em cascata, por mais que a gente aumente a tributação para empresas, quem paga essa conta no fim é o consumidor. As empresas repassam o preço dentro do produto. Isso impacta lá na frente, principalmente os mais pobres, porque a nossa tributação sobre o consumo é muito elevada. Então acaba que todo mundo arca com esse Custo Brasil”, avalia.
Custo Brasil: principais fatores
Segundo a CNI, os principais fatores que compõem o Custo Brasil incluem:
- Complexidade tributária e custo para apurar impostos;
- Baixa qualidade da educação e do capital humano;
- Altos custos logísticos e de infraestrutura;
- Dificuldade de acesso ao crédito e elevado custo do dinheiro.
Custo Brasil: avanços recentes
Nos últimos anos, a agenda de enfrentamento ao Custo Brasil avançou. Leo de Castro ressalta que foram criadas instâncias específicas tanto no Legislativo quanto no Executivo:
- No Congresso Nacional, a Frente Parlamentar do Brasil Competitivo atua com uma agenda anual de projetos voltados à superação dos gargalos;
- No governo federal, o Grupo de Trabalho do Custo Brasil, ligado ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Industrial (CNDI), monitora 42 projetos estratégicos, com potencial estimado de redução de até R$ 500 bilhões no custo estrutural.
Custo Brasil: caminhos para reduzir
A expectativa do setor produtivo é que medidas como a reforma tributária, o investimento em logística e digitalização e a modernização das relações entre governo e empresas contribuam para reduzir o custo estrutural do país e criar um ambiente mais competitivo e atraente para investidores.
“É uma agenda, às vezes, árida para ser compreendida pela classe política e pela sociedade, mas é uma agenda que a CNI, assim como o MBC (Movimento Brasil Competitivo) e outros institutos, têm procurado trazer luz e esclarecimento para que a sociedade compre isso e cobre para que isso, de fato, aconteça”, finaliza Leo de Castro.
Foto: Joédson Alves/Agência Bras
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