Doença crônica pode ser controlada com hábitos saudáveis
POR TÂMARA FREIRE – AGÊNCIA BRASIL (https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/)
Como muitas pessoas, a professora Kallyne Cafuri Alves acabou ganhando alguns quilos durante o isolamento social da pandemia de Covid-19. Ela voltou a se alimentar melhor e a fazer exercícios depois que as medidas sanitárias afrouxaram, mas o peso extra não ia embora, especialmente nas pernas.
“Elas ficavam sempre muito inchadas, com um aspecto feio, e eu sentia muita dor. É como se eu estivesse vestindo uma calça jeans grossa, bem molhada”, lembra Kallyne, que mora em Vitória, no Espírito Santo.
Um dia, a professora pegou carona com uma aluna que, casualmente, comentou que precisava ser muito cuidadosa com os exercícios e a alimentação, porque tinha Lipedema, uma doença que causa excesso de gordura nas pernas, dor, inchaço e outros sintomas. “Ela falou tudo que eu sentia!”, recorda Kallyne. Foi quando sua ficha caiu.
Depois de receber o diagnóstico de um especialista, ela reavaliou sua vida, e percebeu que sempre sentiu dores estranhas nas pernas. Além disso, finalmente entendeu porque elas passaram a ter um aspecto diferente, “como uma casca de laranja”, conforme Kallyne crescia. A professora também se deu conta de que não estava sozinha:
“Minha mãe e minha avó, que já faleceu, sempre se queixaram da aparência das pernas delas e, analisando hoje, claramente elas tinham um Edema”.
Origem genética
De acordo com o Médico Especialista em Cirurgia Vascular e Endovascular, Vitor Gornati, o Lipedema foi descrito pela primeira vez na década de 1940, mas só passou a receber mais atenção de Pesquisadores e Especialistas há cerca de 10 anos. Estima-se que de 10% a 12% das mulheres brasileiras tenham a doença em algum nível, complementa Gornati, que também é membro da Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular.
“Em 99% das vezes, o Lipedema acomete mulheres, porque é uma doença que está, de certa forma, relacionada ao Estrogênio, que é um hormônio feminino. Então, ela acomete lugares onde a pessoa tem mais esse receptor específico de Estrogênio, o que faz a gordura crescer. E é uma doença de origem genética. Na grande maioria das vezes, a gente identifica que alguém na família também tem ou tinha Lipedema”, explica Gornati.
O Especialista também confirma a percepção de Kallyne e diz que o Lipedema costuma dar alguns sinais já na adolescência, mas eles, geralmente, passam despercebidos.
“O Lipedema é uma Doença Inflamatória Crônica e Progressiva. Então, às vezes, na adolescência, a pessoa já percebe que tem a perna uma pouco mais grossinha, com um aspecto um pouco diferente. Ao longo da da vida, passa uma gestação, tem um ciclo de ganho de peso ou de perda de peso, e a doença aparece. Geralmente, é como se você tivesse um corpo em cima e outro corpo embaixo. E, quando você emagrece, perde gordura no rosto, na cintura… mas as pernas, coxa, glúteo e, muitas vezes, a parte superior no braço não emagrecem na mesma proporção”
Gornati acrescenta que a pessoa com Lipedema também têm mais facilidade de sofrer lesões vasculares, ou seja, desenvolver hematomas à menor pressão. Uma pesquisa recente conduzida pelo Centro Médico da Universidade de Vanderbilt, nos Estados Unidos, com mais de 900 pessoas, mostrou que as mulheres com Lipedema têm 11 vezes mais prevalência de varizes.
“É uma doença que acomete tudo o que a gente chama de Tecido Conjuntivo Frouxo. Isso inclui a gordura, mas também os vasos e as articulações. E a pessoa com Lipedema tem 30% mais dificuldade de ganhar massa muscular, que é o que ajuda a proteger essas articulações. Então, ela também tende a ter Hipermobilidade, Frouxidão Ligamental, e, quando ganha peso, acaba sobrecarregando o Joelho, o Quadril. Com o tempo, pode desenvolver Artrose “, complementa o médico.
Por enquanto, não há medicamento para o Lipedema, e o tratamento costuma envolver dieta, exercícios físicos, massagens de drenagem linfática e liberação miofacial. Em casos extremos, é possível lipoaspiração das partes mais afetadas. Kallyne destaca a diferença que essas mudanças podem fazer:
“O meu desconforto só diminuiu por causa do tratamento que eu estou fazendo, mas, quando eu não faço exercício ou saio da minha dieta, a minha perna incha ao ponto de eu engordar 2 kg de um dia para o outro”.
Estigma
Após a melhora proporcionada pelo tratamento, Kallyne deseja fazer uma cirurgia plástica para retirar a pele excessiva que ficou após a perda de peso e a desinflamação do Tecido Adiposo. Ela torce para que novas pesquisas encontrem alternativas medicamentosas para tratar a doença.
“Eu acho que o desinteresse em pesquisas sobre a doença nas décadas passadas tem a ver com o machismo e a gordofobia. Inclusive, até hoje, muitas pessoas não procuram ajuda, porque ainda existe essa ideia na sociedade de que a pessoa está assim porque não se esforça o suficiente, não faz dieta, não faz exercício… Ainda mais sendo uma doença de mulheres”.
O Médico Vitor Gornati, concorda: “Eu tenho inúmeras pacientes que falam: ‘Nossa, eu sofro com essa perna há 20 anos e ninguém nunca me disse que isso tinha um nome’. Tem paciente que chega a chorar no consultório, de alívio, porque, antes, elas realmente achavam que estavam daquele jeito por culpa delas, por estarem fazendo alguma coisa de errado. Ainda mais sendo uma condição relacionada à gordura, que tem todo um estigma”.
Foto: © Kallyne Cafuri Alves/Arquivo Pessoal
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