Em 2023, o índice foi de 3,71%
Por Bruno de Freitas Moura – Repórter da Agência Brasil
O Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor (INPC) de dezembro ficou em 0,48%, fazendo com que em 2024 terminasse em 4,77%. O índice de inflação é utilizado para o cálculo do reajuste anual de salários de diversas categorias de trabalhadores.
O resultado foi divulgado nesta sexta-feira (10), no Rio de Janeiro, pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Em 2023, o índice foi de 3,71%.
O INPC de 2024 foi puxado, principalmente, pelo grupo alimentação e bebidas, que acumulou alta de 7,60% em 12 meses, representando impacto de 1,83 p.p. (ponto percentual) na taxa do ano. O segundo maior impacto coube ao grupo transportes, que subiu 3,77% (0,74 p.p.)
O IBGE informou, também, que o Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (IPCA) – considerado a inflação oficial do país – fechou 2024 em 4,83%, acima do limite máximo da meta de inflação do governo.
Diferenças
O INPC e o IPCA apuram o custo de vida para famílias em Belém, Fortaleza, Recife, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Vitória, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Curitiba, Porto Alegre, Distrito Federal, Goiânia, Campo Grande, Rio Branco, São Luís e Aracaju.
A diferença entre eles é que o IPCA leva em conta famílias com rendimentos entre um e 40 salários mínimos; e o INPC apenas até cinco salários mínimos.
O peso dos produtos e serviços também é diferente. No INPC, alimentos e bebidas têm mais peso que no IPCA. Ou seja, o IBGE tem dados que mostram que famílias mais pobres gastam proporcionalmente mais com comida do que as mais ricas. O inverso acontece com as passagens aéreas e planos de saúde, por exemplo.
Muitos sindicatos de trabalhadores escolhem o INPC para índice de cálculo de reajuste anual. O salário mínimo também leva em consideração o INPC na fórmula de reajuste, porém, acompanha o acumulado de 12 meses encerrados em novembro (4,84%), de forma que o novo salário possa ser definido pelo governo ainda no fim de dezembro para vigorar em janeiro.
Entenda aqui os diferentes índices de inflação.
Foto: © Marcello Casal JrAgência Brasil
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