Salvador registrou diminuição de 32% nos casos da neoplasia entre os triênios 2020-2022 e 2023-2023; no entanto, na Bahia, como um todo, o aumento foi de mais de 30%
Por Karina LanArc – Ascom Oncoclinicas
O mês de março é marcado pela campanha Março Azul Marinho, dedicada à conscientização e prevenção do câncer colorretal, o terceiro tipo de tumor mais comum entre homens e mulheres no Brasil, segundo o Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA). Em Salvador, entre os triênios de 2020-2022 e 2023-2025, os casos da doença caíram de 1.020 para 690 registros, uma redução de 32%. No entanto, o cenário no estado da Bahia preocupa, já que o número de diagnósticos subiu para 1.940, um aumento de 31%, indicando crescimento expressivo nas cidades do interior. Além da relação com fatores genéticos ou ao avanço da idade, estudos mostram que hábitos alimentares inadequados e o estilo de vida têm relação direta com o aumento dos casos.
A Oncoclínicas, maior grupo dedicado ao tratamento do câncer na América Latina, reforça a importância da prevenção e da adoção de hábitos que reduzem o risco da doença. De acordo com o Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação, o consumo de carne vermelha e carne processada no Brasil é maior do que o recomendado pelo World Cancer Research Fund, com mais de 80% da amostra estudada ingerindo esses alimentos em quantidade superior à indicada. A recomendação é de 43 gramas por dia de carne vermelha e consumo mínimo de carne processada.
“Estudos demonstram que uma alimentação pobre em fibras e rica em ultraprocessados, aliada ao consumo excessivo de carnes vermelhas, está diretamente associada ao aumento do risco de câncer colorretal. Por outro lado, dietas ricas em frutas, verduras e fibras ajudam a reduzir essa probabilidade”, explica a oncologista Mirela Souto, da Oncoclínicas na Bahia.
Nos últimos anos, especialistas também têm observado um crescimento preocupante dos casos de tumores que afetam o cólon e reto em pacientes com menos de 50 anos. O estudo realizado pela American Cancer Society (ACS) analisou a incidência da doença em todas as faixas etárias de 1995 até 2020 na população dos Estados Unidos. Os dados apontam que 13% dos pacientes diagnosticados com câncer colorretal têm menos de 50 anos, um percentual que cresceu 9% em comparação a períodos anteriores.
Além da alimentação, a médica destaca a influência do estilo de vida na prevenção da doença. “Obesidade, sedentarismo, tabagismo e consumo de álcool são fatores de risco não apenas para o câncer colorretal, mas para diversas outras doenças. Adotar um estilo de vida equilibrado, com atividade física regular e alimentação saudável, é essencial para reduzir esse risco”, enfatiza.
Como se prevenir
O desenvolvimento do tumor colorretal ocorre no intestino grosso, especificamente no cólon ou no reto. Para diagnosticá-lo, é feito o rastreamento pelo exame de colonoscopia. Segundo a especialista, é recomendável iniciar o rastreio do câncer de cólon e reto na população adulta de risco baixo a partir de 45 anos, mas pessoas com histórico familiar ou sintomas devem buscar avaliação antecipada.
Os sintomas mais comuns incluem sangue nas fezes, diarreia ou constipação persistente, dor abdominal frequente, perda de peso inexplicada, cansaço e fraqueza constantes. No entanto, em alguns casos, a doença pode ser silenciosa nos estágios iniciais, o que reforça a importância da prevenção e do rastreamento regular.
Apesar de ser uma das neoplasias mais comuns e letais, sendo o terceiro mais incidente no Brasil, com 45.630 novos casos da doença previstos no país em 2025, a oncologista Mirela Souto reforça que o diagnóstico precoce é a chave para aumentar a chance de cura. “Além da adoção de hábitos saudáveis, uma das estratégias mais eficazes para prevenir a doença é a realização da colonoscopia a partir dos 45 anos para pessoas sem fatores de risco. Esse exame pode detectar pólipos, que, se não removidos, podem evoluir para câncer. Com o diagnóstico precoce, as chances de cura são altíssimas com cirurgia, muitas vezes evitando a necessidade de tratamentos complementares, como quimioterapia”, finaliza.
Foto: GettyImages
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