Médico alergista alerta sobre as doenças mais comuns com a chegada do outono    

Nesta quinta-feira, 20, inicia-se o outono. O período é marcado por temperaturas mais amenas e tempo seco, o que pode influenciar saúde respiratória 

Geninha Morais – Ascom/Unisa

Após fortes ondas de calor no Verão que está se despedindo, a chegada do outono deve amenizar as temperaturas. Essa oscilação no clima pode favorecer a proliferação de vírus e bactérias, segundo alerta do médico alergista e professor do curso de Medicina da Universidade Santo Amaro (Unisa), João Paulo de Assis. “A nova estação tende a aumentar a incidência e o agravamento dos casos de alergias respiratórias”, comenta o alergista. 

De acordo com o médico, algumas doenças são mais prevalentes no outono brasileiro. “A nova estação exige cuidados redobrados com a saúde, especialmente para grupos vulneráveis: idosos e crianças, que apresentam comprometimento do sistema imunológico e são mais suscetíveis a infecções e propensas a resfriados; gestantes, em decorrência das alterações no sistema de defesa; e pessoas com doenças crônicas, como diabetes e cardiopatias, que podem se agravar”, esclarece o médico.

Ele aponta, ainda, para outras patologias comuns nesse período: 

Gripes e resfriados: o outono favorece a disseminação de vírus respiratórios, como os da gripe (Influenza) e do resfriado comum (Rinovírus e Coronavírus sazonais). Isso ocorre porque as pessoas tendem a ficar em ambientes fechados e pouco ventilados, facilitando o contágio. Os sintomas mais comuns são: febre, calafrios, dor de garganta, tosse, coriza, congestão nasal, dor de cabeça e fadiga. A prevenção se faz possível através da vacinação anual contra a gripe, higiene das mãos, evitar contato com pessoas infectadas e manter os ambientes arejados. 

Rinite alérgica e sinusites: com a queda da umidade e o aumento da concentração de poeira e ácaros, muitas pessoas sofrem com crises de rinite alérgica, que podem evoluir para quadros de sinusite. Os sintomas da rinite incluem espirros, coriza, coceira no nariz e lacrimejamento. Já os sintomas da sinusite consistem em dor e pressão facial, congestão nasal, secreção nasal espessa e amarelada, dor de cabeça e febre. É possível prevenir e amenizar esses sintomas evitando o acúmulo de poeira, mantendo a casa limpa e ventilada, utilizando umidificadores quando o ar estiver muito seco e realizando lavagem nasal com soro fisiológico com bastante frequência. 

Bronquite e asma: pessoas com predisposição a doenças respiratórias, como asma e bronquite, podem sofrer crises mais intensas devido às mudanças climáticas e ao aumento de poluentes no ar. Tosse seca ou com secreção, chiado no peito, dificuldade para respirar e sensação de aperto no peito são os sintomas mais comuns. A prevenção é feita evitando-se a exposição a poeira, fumaça e poluição e seguindo-se corretamente o tratamento médico prescrito. 

Pneumonia: infecções virais e bacterianas podem evoluir para quadros mais graves, como a pneumonia, especialmente em idosos, crianças e imunossuprimidos. Os sintomas incluem: febre alta, tosse com secreção amarelada ou esverdeada, dor no peito ao respirar e fadiga intensa. A vacinação contra pneumonia e gripe e a higiene frequente das mãos são medidas importantes para a prevenção. 

Conjuntivite: viral ou alérgica pode se tornar mais frequente no outono devido ao ar seco e à maior exposição a alérgenos. Os sintomas são olhos vermelhos, lacrimejamento, coceira, sensação de areia nos olhos e secreção ocular. Pode-se prevenir evitando-se o contato com os olhos sem higienização das mãos, não compartilhar objetos pessoais e manter boa higiene ocular. 

O médico orienta sobre a atenção aos cuidados preventivos que podem evitar um quadro infeccioso ou até mesmo complicações, como manter o calendário de vacinas atualizado, reforçar os hábitos de higiene e assepsia das mãos e manter uma rotina saudável de alimentação e a prática regular de atividade física. “A adoção de cuidados preventivos é essencial para prevenir doenças típicas da estação”, conclui o médico João Paulo.  

Foto: Reprodução / Freepik.

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