POR REDAÇÃO JS – redacao@jornaldosudoeste.com
Um estudo recente analisou mais de 400 mil mensagens em grupos públicos de WhatsApp para compreender os padrões de discurso e agressões direcionadas a políticos. Os resultados revelam uma disparidade significativa nas formas de ataque, dependendo do gênero.
Conduzido pelas economistas Fernanda Peron e Paula Carvalho Pereda, do Departamento de Economia da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), em parceria com a empresa Palver Consultores, Especializada em Monitoramento de Redes Sociais, o estudo encontrou que, a cada 100 mensagens dirigidas a mulheres na política, 12 contêm ofensas pessoais ou estereótipos de gênero, usando termos como “feia”, “gorda” e “puta”. Já entre os homens, essa proporção é de seis mensagens a cada 100, indicando uma incidência menor de ataques pessoais.
Fernanda Peron destaca que “os estereótipos contra mulheres na política ainda são bastante arraigados, muitas vezes assumindo a forma de questionar sua capacidade para ocupar cargos públicos, alegando que são excessivamente emocionais, que precisam cuidar da família ou que são descredibilizadas por características físicas ou de sua vida sexual”.
O estudo também aponta que as críticas aos homens frequentemente focam em suas competências profissionais ou intelectuais, com termos como “incompetente” e “burro”. Fernanda explica que esses números podem ser ainda mais elevados na vida real, uma vez que há uma tendência de autocensura na internet. “No ambiente digital, as pessoas tendem a ser menos misóginas do que seriam em conversas presenciais, como em bares ou encontros”, observa.
As mensagens analisadas foram coletadas em grupos públicos no WhatsApp entre agosto de 2022 e abril de 2024. O trabalho também identificou a participação de bots, ou seja, robôs automatizados, que desempenham papel importante na amplificação de discursos misóginos e agressivos.
Segundo as autoras, essa influência se torna mais evidente durante os períodos eleitorais, quando o volume de ataques aumenta e há maior vigilância sobre figuras públicas. Apesar de as mulheres representarem 24% dos políticos na amostra, elas respondem por 18% das mensagens de ataque, refletindo tanto uma sub-representação feminina nos espaços de poder quanto uma menor visibilidade na esfera pública.
A pesquisa também levou em consideração outros marcadores sociais, como raça e ideologia, constatando, por exemplo, que mulheres negras estão ainda mais expostas a esse tipo de narrativa hostil.
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