Paralisia Infantil: Poliovírus ainda circula pelo mundo e pode se reintroduzido no Brasil

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Principal forma de prevenir a poliomielite é a vacinação - Foto: Marcelo Camargo/Agência Brasil
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Paquistão e Afeganistão são considerados países endêmicos para poliomielite. Ministério da Saúde reforça a importância de manter a cobertura vacinal para evitar a volta da doença

Por Paloma Custódio – Agência Brasil 61

A Poliomielite foi erradicada do Brasil em 1989 após uma intensa campanha de vacinação nas crianças. No entanto, a queda na cobertura vacinal nos últimos anos aumenta o risco de reintrodução da doença no território brasileiro. Segundo o Ministério da Saúde, em 2021, a cobertura vacinal em crianças menores de um ano no país ficou em 71%. Em 2022, subiu para 77,2% e, em 2023, chegou a 84,6%.

O Infectologista Victor Bertollo, chefe da Assessoria de Mobilização Institucional e Social para Prevenção de Endemias da Subsecretaria de Vigilância à Saúde do Distrito Federal, lembra que o Poliovírus ainda circula em países como o Paquistão, o Afeganistão e na África Subsaariana.

“Hoje nós temos Poliomielite selvagem em dois países, que é o Paquistão e o Afeganistão, que são países considerados endêmicos para Pólio. E nós também temos em alguns países da África Subsaariana a poliomielite causada pelo Poliovírus derivado vacinal. São vírus vacinais da Pólio Oral que foram utilizados em países com baixas coberturas vacinais e em locais com más condições de saneamento. E isso fez com que esse vírus ficasse circulando na população por um tempo e acabou acumulando mutações que fizeram uma reversão desse vírus, que era atenuado e voltou a ser agressivo. Então ele voltou a ter o comportamento do Poliovírus Selvagem.”

No ano passado, foi registrado um caso de Poliomielite em um bebê indígena na região de Loreto, no Peru, a 500 quilômetros de distância da fronteira com o Estado do Acre. Por isso, o Diretor do Departamento do Programa Nacional de Imunizações do Ministério da Saúde, Eder Gatti, alerta os profissionais de saúde, pais ou responsáveis sobre a importância de imunizar as crianças.

“A Poliomielite é uma doença que, por muitas décadas, causou paralisia e morte em crianças. Só que essa doença não faz mais parte do nosso cenário epidemiológico graças à vacinação e o Brasil, desde 1989, não registra nenhum caso. Embora tenhamos eliminado a doença, ela ainda existe no mundo e pode ser reintroduzida no nosso país. Por isso, é muito importante que os pais levem seus filhos menores de cinco anos para checar a caderneta e fazer a vacinação.” 

Todas as crianças menores de 5 anos de idade devem ser imunizadas contra a Pólio de acordo com o Calendário Nacional de Vacinação e na campanha anual. O esquema vacinal contra a Poliomielite possui três doses injetáveis — aos 2, 4 e 6 meses de idade — e mais duas doses de reforço com a vacina oral bivalente, a gotinha. 

Vale lembrar que a vacina protege as crianças por toda a vida e é segura.

Procure uma Unidade Básica de Saúde e cuide bem dos nossos futuros campeões. Vamos nos unir ao Movimento Nacional pela Vacinação.

Para mais informações, acesse: www.gov.br/vacinacao

Foto de Capa: Marcelo Camargo/Agência Brasil

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