Especialistas do INC atribuem a elevação a dois fatores: as mulheres estão tendo filhos mais velhas e têm mais acesso ao pré-natal e diagnósticos. Em 2023, 3.699 recém-nascidos foram diagnosticados com Cardiopatias Congênitas no Brasil.
POR MARCELO CAJUEIRO – ASCOM/DIAGRAMA COMUNICAÇÕES (cajueiromarcelo@gmail.com)
A proporção de bebês recém-nascidos diagnosticados com cardiopatias congênitas – malformações no coração durante o desenvolvimento fetal – aumentou de 0,08% do total de nascidos no Brasil em 2014 para 0,15% em 2023. Os dados constam do levantamento “Evolução da ocorrência de Anomalias Congênitas do Sistema Cardiovascular”, lançado pelo Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia (INC), do Ministério da Saúde, na quinta-feira (12), Dia Nacional de Conscientização da Cardiopatia Congênita.
O levantamento do INC tomou por base dados oficiais do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc), que cobre 100% do Brasil. Em 2014, nasceram no Brasil 2.979.259 bebês, dos quais 2.329 (0,8%) foram diagnosticados com Cardiopatias Congênitas. Em 2023, em linha com a queda na taxa de natalidade no país, o total de nascimentos foi de 2.536.281, dos quais 3.699 (0,15%) receberam o diagnóstico. Portanto, o percentual de recém-nascidos no Brasil com diagnóstico de problemas cardíacos praticamente dobrou, de 0,8% para 0,15%, em nove anos.
Os especialistas do INC, que é referência no tratamento de Doenças Cardíacas de Alta Complexidade, inclusive Cardiopatias Congênitas, atribuem a elevação a dois fatores principais.
Primeiro, as mulheres brasileiras estão tendo filhos com idade mais avançada. O levantamento do INC aponta que a idade média das mães no Brasil aumentou de 25 anos em 2014 para 27 anos em 2023. Essa elevação tem determinantes sociológicos e também de ordem científica, como o desenvolvimento de terapias hormonais e da fertilização in vitro.
Quanto maior a idade da mãe, maior é o risco de o bebê nascer com problemas no coração. Mulheres que dão à luz na faixa etária entre 20 e 29 anos têm 26% mais risco de gerarem um feto com Cardiopatia Congênita, em relação a mulheres com 17 a 19 anos. Na faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos, o risco aumenta 81%. Entre 40 e 49 anos, o risco é 169% maior.
Segundo, as mulheres estão tendo mais acesso a consultas e exames durante a gravidez. Com base em uma metodologia internacional chamada Kotelchuck, o levantamento do INC detectou que o percentual de grávidas brasileiras com amplo acesso a consultas e exames aumentou de 64,3% em 2014 para 71,2% em 2023.
“O maior acesso das mães brasileiras a consultas e exames, como Ultrassom, permitiu uma melhora no diagnóstico”, afirma a Cardiologista Aurora Issa, Diretora do INC. “O diagnóstico precoce é fundamental, porque permite que as equipes médicas se preparem para o nascimento de uma criança com Cardiopatia Congênita”.
A especialista destaca que recém-nascidos com problemas cardíacos precisam de cuidados especiais e muitos casos requerem a realização de Cirurgia ou Cateterismo logo após o nascimento. Em certos casos, é necessário realizar um procedimento intrauterino para correção de Cardiopatias Congênitas quando o feto ainda está na barriga da mãe.
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