Projeto estende os benefícios até 2028 e estabelece propósitos de preservação ambiental e de combate à pobreza sem restringir a concessão de incentivos ao setor produtivo
Por Fernando Alves
A Comissão de Assuntos Econômicos (CAE) do Senado vai analisar a prorrogação dos incentivos fiscais para as áreas de atuação das superintendências do Desenvolvimento da Amazônia (Sudam) e do Nordeste (Sudene). O PL 2006/2023, de autoria do senador Beto Faro (PT-PA), estende os benefícios para as empresas que atuam nas regiões por mais cinco anos — até 31 de dezembro de 2028. O texto foi aprovado na Comissão de Desenvolvimento Regional (CDR).
Segundo o professor de economia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) Ecio Costa, os incentivos são uma importante ferramenta para promover investimentos nas regiões.
“O incentivo funciona como um fator redutor do imposto de renda que as grandes indústrias e os grandes empreendimentos de infraestrutura precisam pagar. Muitos desses investimentos de infraestrutura têm um retorno de um prazo muito longo e incentivo fiscal termina sendo fundamental na decisão de fazer o investimento ou não. Então, do ponto de vista econômico, ele é um fator chave, um fator determinante, para demonstrar a viabilidade desses investimentos aqui na região”, explica.
A proposta prorroga, até 2028, a redução de 75% do imposto de renda e adicionais calculados com base no lucro da exploração de pessoas jurídicas que apresentem projetos enquadrados nos setores da economia considerados prioritários. Além disso, prorroga também a possibilidade de retenção de 30% do imposto devido para reinvestimento em modernização e equipamentos.
O texto inicial do PL 2006 previa ainda como critérios para as empresas terem acesso aos benefícios o desenvolvimento de “atividades econômicas compatíveis com o enfrentamento da pobreza e da concentração fundiária, com a transição para a economia de baixo carbono, com a valorização da biodiversidade e, especificamente, em linha com os compromissos do Brasil no Acordo do Clima das Nações Unidas”.
Entretanto, o relator na CDR, senador Cid Gomes (PDT-CE), acatou emenda apresentada pelo senador Zequinha Marinho (Podemos-PA), que mantém os objetivos de maneira alternativa e não cumulativa, em vez de ser mais um critério para ter acesso aos incentivos. Marinho argumenta que a obrigatoriedade de cumprir as medidas reduziria o alcance dos incentivos, que, segundo o parlamentar, são fundamentais para as regiões Norte e Nordeste, que enfrentam preços mais altos para produzir
“O Pará tem a segunda energia mais cara do país, aí vai para a questão da logística, do transporte, tudo. Não tem quem aguente. Ou tem incentivo fiscal ou a gente desindustrializa até aquilo que já tem”, afirma o senador.
O projeto aguarda designação de relator na CAE, que decide em caráter terminativo — quando não há necessidade de análise em Plenário, salvo se houver recurso.
Autor de PL pede urgência na prorrogação de incentivos fiscais para Sudam e Sudene
Outra proposta
A mesma comissão aprovou, no final de agosto, o PL 4416/2021, de autoria do deputado Júlio Cesar (PSD-PI), que também prevê a prorrogação dos incentivos fiscais até 2028. O texto foi modificado no Senado — com a ampliação dos benefícios à Superintendência do Desenvolvimento do Centro-Oeste (Sudeco) — e voltou à Câmara. O relator, deputado Airton Faleiro (PT-PA), apresentou parecer pela rejeição da alteração feita no Senado. A proposta está pronta para entrar na pauta da Comissão da Amazônia e dos Povos Originários e Tradicionais.
Impacto
Os incentivos fiscais possibilitaram quase R$ 6,7 bilhões em investimentos pelas empresas presentes nas áreas de atuação da Sudene, de janeiro a agosto de 2023. Segundo dados da superintendência, o total investido superou a marca de R$ 22,6 bilhões no ano passado.
Entre 2013 e 2022, as empresas incentivadas geraram mais de 1,3 milhão de empregos e relataram investimentos na ordem de R$ 294 bilhões em projetos na área de atuação da superintendência. A Receita Federal do Brasil estima que os incentivos na área da Sudam, neste ano, ultrapassem a marca de R$ 6 bilhões.
Sudam e Sudene
Sudam e Sudene integram o Sistema de Planejamento e de Orçamento Federal e possuem autonomia administrativa e financeira. Vinculadas ao Ministério da Integração e do Desenvolvimento Regional (MDIR), as autarquias têm como finalidade promover o desenvolvimento includente e sustentável das áreas em que atuam, além da integração competitiva da base produtiva regional na economia nacional e internacional.
A atuação da Sudam abrange os estados do Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Roraima, Pará, Tocantins e parte do Maranhão. Já a Sudene atua em todos os estados da região Nordeste e em parte de Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo.
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