Reforma tributária define pagamento de impostos “por fora”, o que gera transparência e permite ao consumidor cobrar menor carga tributária
Por Agência Brasil 61
No atual Sistema Tributário brasileiro, a carga de impostos está inserida no preço final dos produtos, o que impede que o consumidor saiba exatamente quanto paga de imposto.
Com o imposto sobre valor agregado, o chamado IVA, o consumidor tem noção exata de quanto está pagando pelo produto e qual a carga tributária. Esse é o modelo adotado em mais de 170 países, incluindo as principais economias mundiais.
A Emenda Constitucional 132/2023, a Reforma Tributária aprovada no final do ano passado, definiu que o modelo brasileiro terá um IVA composto pelo Imposto sobre Bens e Serviços (IBS) e a Contribuição Sobre Bens e Serviços (CBS). A CBS substitui os tributos federais PIS, Cofins e IPI. Já o ICMS, dos Estados, e o ISS, dos municípios saem de cena para a entrada do IBS.
O deputado Reginaldo Lopes (PT-MG), um dos integrantes do Grupo de Trabalho da Câmara que discutiu a regulamentação da reforma, explica que o novo sistema é “por fora”, em vez de “por dentro”. O deputado usou como exemplo um aparelho celular de R$ 1.260,00.
“O Brasil fez uma péssima opção histórica de cobrar de pobre sem falar para ele que ele tá pagando. Esse imposto é ‘por dentro’. Ninguém sabe o que tá pagando Qual é a revolução dessa reforma? Ao comprar um celular de R$ 1.000, é o preço do produto, por fora R$ 260. Então, é isso é ‘por dentro’ e ‘por fora’, do ponto de vista da importância de diminuir a carga tributária e da importância do cidadão que mais paga imposto, que é o consumidor, que dois terços é imposto de consumidor, ter a certeza do que ele paga. Isso é transparência”, defendeu o deputado.
Na opinião do advogado André Felix Ricotta de Oliveira, Doutor e Mestre em Direito Tributário pela PUC/SP, o principal benefício da reforma é essa transparência. Com isso, o país moderniza seu Sistema Tributário, e pode atrair novos investimentos.
“Com esse cálculo ‘por fora’, você consegue verificar quanto de tributo e de imposto incidiu naquela operação. Com isso, você tem mais transparência fiscal, de quanto incide, qual é a carga tributária sobre a mercadoria, sobre os serviços, sobre o consumo e talvez, com isso, traga uma cidadania fiscal, onde os cidadãos consigam perceber que a carga tributária está muito alta e comece a reivindicar uma redução da carga tributária”, explica.
Segundo o Ministério da Fazenda, hoje, por exemplo, o imposto cobrado “por dentro” na conta de energia elétrica representaria uma alíquota em torno de 34%, em vez dos 18% de ICMS e 9,25% de PIS/Cofins.
Expectativa de crescimento
A estimativa é de que o novo sistema tributário vai gerar cerca de 12% de crescimento adicional do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) em 15 anos, segundo projeções apresentadas pelo Ministério da Fazenda.
Segundo o Instituto Brasileiro de Planejamento e Tributação (IBPT), Desde a CF/1988, foram editadas mais de 460 mil normas tributárias foram editadas no Brasil desde a Constituição de 1988, o que representa 37 normas tributárias por dia útil.
Com a simplificação tributária, o custo das empresas para acertar as contas com o Fisco será menor, o que poderá ser revertido em mais investimentos. Isso contribui para as expectativas de maior desenvolvimento econômico após a reforma.
Foto de Capa: Deputado Reginaldo Lopes (PT-MG), um dos integrantes do Grupo de Trabalho da Câmara que discutiu a regulamentação da reforma. Foto: Mário Agra/Câmara dos Deputados
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