Nos território brasileiro, essas redes têm apresentado crescimento significativo ao longo das últimas décadas e melhorado as condições de vida dos agricultores
Por Agência Gov/ Via Embrapa
A participação dos agricultores familiares em redes de sistemas orgânicos tem se consolidado como uma importante inovação social, promovendo inclusão e melhorias nas condições de vida. Nos territórios brasileiro e espanhol, essas redes têm apresentado crescimento significativo ao longo das últimas décadas, com soluções que impactam positivamente a produção e o consumo de alimentos orgânicos.
A pesquisa conduzida por Lucimar Abreu, pesquisadora da Embrapa Meio Ambiente, analisou a dinâmica de funcionamento desses sistemas coletivos à luz das políticas públicas que incentivam o setor. “A pesquisa foi conduzida por meio de estudos de casos no Brasil e na Espanha, utilizando técnicas qualitativas construtivistas”, explica Abreu.
Na Espanha, a promoção de sistemas alimentares orgânicos tornou-se prioridade com a adoção de políticas alimentares urbanas pela União Europeia, especialmente após a aprovação do Pacto de Milão em 2015. Muitas cidades espanholas, como Segóvia, em Castilla y León, desenvolveram estratégias baseadas no consumo de alimentos locais e orgânicos. Em Segóvia, o programa “Alimenta ConCiencia” se destaca ao integrar produtores, pesquisadores, comerciantes e restaurantes em uma rede focada na sustentabilidade e na produção ecológica, com metas estabelecidas até 2030.
No Brasil, a pesquisa concentrou-se no Vale do Ribeira, em São Paulo, com foco nos impactos das políticas de compra institucional, como o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) e o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE). O estudo buscou compreender como essas políticas influenciam a organização social dos agricultores, o funcionamento das redes de produção orgânica e os desafios locais. Segundo Abreu, ajustes são necessários, principalmente no que diz respeito à oferta de assistência técnica adequada e à revisão dos mecanismos que garantam o cumprimento da lei do PNAE, que exige que pelo menos 30% da alimentação escolar seja adquirida da agricultura familiar.
A pesquisadora destaca também a necessidade de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a transição agroecológica. A falta de suporte técnico impacta diretamente a rede de produção, a organização social e a operacionalização dos programas públicos. Nesse sentido, a assistência técnica especializada em agricultura ecológica é essencial para o sucesso das redes.
Na Espanha, atores-chave entrevistados destacaram que a produção orgânica exige a redefinição dos circuitos de comercialização, transporte e consumo. Há um consenso entre os participantes sobre a necessidade de valorizar circuitos locais de produção e comercialização, com sistemas de certificação participativa. Ademais, os entrevistados enfatizam a importância de reconhecer a diversidade dos estilos de produção ecológica e o pluralismo conceitual entre agricultura orgânica e agroecologia.
Representantes do Ministério da Agricultura da Espanha reforçaram que a agricultura orgânica e a agroecologia têm como objetivos valorizar a produção econômica, promover hábitos alimentares saudáveis e garantir sustentabilidade. Campanhas em defesa de alimentação saudável são mais efetivas na Província de Segóvia do que no Vale do Ribeira, onde essas iniciativas ainda são incipientes.
A participação dos agricultores familiares em redes orgânicas, seja no Brasil ou na Espanha, aponta para soluções sustentáveis, inclusivas e de fácil implementação. Além disso, promove uma reflexão sobre os desafios do modelo convencional de agricultura e a necessidade de apoiar o desenvolvimento de circuitos locais e sustentáveis de produção e consumo de alimentos.
O estudo completo pode ser acessado no Cadernos de Agroecologia.
Foto: Tomaz Silva/ Agência Brasil
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