Dados do Panorama dos Resíduos Sólidos no Brasil 2024 apontam que, em 2023, o país foi responsável pela produção de mais de 80 milhões de toneladas de resíduos sólidos
Por Marquezan Araújo – Agência Brasil 61
A Associação Brasileira de Resíduos e Meio Ambiente (Abrema) estima que mais de 30% dos lixões em atividade no Brasil podem ser eliminados, levando em conta a utilização dos aterros sanitários já existentes. De acordo com a entidade, isso seria possível por meio da chamada regionalização, que é o uso de um único aterro por vários municípios.
Um estudo elaborado pela associação revela que 165 municípios da Bahia, ou seja, 40% do total do Estado – poderiam interromper, de forma imediata, a utilização de lixões a partir de sete aterros sanitários licenciados e em operação. Esses municípios contam com mais de 5 milhões de habitantes e geram cerca de 3.600 toneladas de resíduos por dia.
O Programa Humanizado de Encerramento de Lixões na Bahia, da Abrema, também prevê 47 Estações de Transbordo, para dar suporte aos municípios mais distantes, a cerca de 100 km. As unidades passariam a entregar os resíduos nestes pontos e, posteriormente, seriam levados ao aterro mais próximo.
Dados do Panorama dos Resíduos Sólidos no Brasil 2024 apontam que, em 2023, o país foi responsável pela produção de mais de 80 milhões de toneladas de resíduos sólidos. O volume corresponde a uma média de 382 kg por habitante. Deste total, 75,6 milhões de toneladas foram coletadas, 69,3 milhões de toneladas foram destinadas à disposição final. Vale destacar que 40,5 milhões de toneladas ainda tiveram disposição final inadequada.
Prorrogação do prazo para acabar com lixões
Até o fim de 2024, cerca de 3 mil lixões ainda estavam em funcionamento no Brasil. Em meio a esse contexto, um projeto de lei em tramitação na Câmara dos Deputados visa prorrogar por cinco anos o prazo para que os municípios com até 50 mil habitantes adotem a destinação adequada dos resíduos sólidos urbanos.
Trata se do PL 1323/24, que ainda aguarda parecer do relator na Comissão de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Casa. Inicialmente, a previsão era acabar com os lixões, de forma definitiva, até o dia 2 de agosto de 2024. Como os problemas não foram resolvidos, o debate continua em evidência.
A Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos (Lei nº 12.305, de 2 de agosto de 2010) determina que, após a submissão dos RSU aos tratamentos e destinações disponíveis, os resíduos restantes — ou rejeitos — devem ser enviados para uma disposição final ambientalmente adequada.
Essa disposição final deve observar normas operacionais específicas, de modo a evitar danos ou riscos à saúde pública e à segurança — e ainda minimizar impactos ambientais adversos.
Foto: Wilson Dias/Agência Brasil/Arquivo
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