Leônidas Oliveira
O Brasil atravessa uma de suas fases mais desafiadoras: polarização política, crise de confiança nas instituições, desigualdades históricas que persistem e a dificuldade de formular um projeto de futuro comum. Essa dificuldade não é nova. Desde a colônia buscamos compreender o que nos une como nação. A isso Sérgio Buarque de Holanda chamou de busca por uma identidade própria: a brasilidade, ou, aqui, a brasiliade.
Mas essa identidade tantas vezes se fragmentou. Fomos colônia explorada, império excludente, república elitista. Entre rupturas e conciliações, permanecemos em busca de síntese. É nesse cenário que a mineiridade pode oferecer contribuição decisiva.
Mineiridade não é apenas sotaque ou culinária, mas modo de viver, de se relacionar, de se fazer política. É a prudência que não se confunde com omissão, mas que sabe esperar o tempo certo. É a convivência com a contradição — como o barroco mineiro, que junta luz e sombra, ouro e pedra-sabão, festa e penitência. É o jeito de dialogar, tão bem encarnado em Tancredo Neves, que fez da política uma arte de costura.
Em tempos de polarização, a mineiridade mostra um caminho: a política como espaço de síntese, não de trincheira. O “jeito mineiro” de fazer política não é neutralidade, mas negociação firme, escuta ativa, busca de consenso sem perder princípios. Essa vocação já se mostrou em momentos críticos. A Inconfidência, ainda que derrotada, inaugurou o sonho republicano. O barroco mineiro, herança da colonização, foi reinventado por artistas mestiços como Aleijadinho e Mestre Ataíde, criando uma estética própria. Tancredo, no século XX, mostrou que o diálogo pode ser mais revolucionário do que o confronto.
O Brasil, como observou Sérgio Buarque em Raízes do Brasil (1936), nasceu da convivência tensa de culturas distintas, sem nunca conseguir fundi-las plenamente. Gilberto Freyre, em Casa-Grande & Senzala (1933), destacou que nossa identidade é fruto de mestiçagens, mas também de hierarquias dolorosas. Darcy Ribeiro foi mais direto: “O povo brasileiro ainda está se inventando” (O Povo Brasileiro, 1995). O que chamamos de brasiliade é esse esforço permanente de se reinventar como nação plural. Mas esse esforço, tantas vezes, esbarra em rupturas e exclusões. Hoje, mais uma vez, vemos o Brasil dividido entre polos que pouco dialogam.
Aqui a mineiridade pode inspirar: ela nos ensina que a política não deve apagar diferenças, mas transformá-las em convivência criativa. Assim como o barroco mineiro harmoniza contrários, a política mineira pode oferecer ao Brasil um modelo de convergência.
Celso Furtado lembrava que o desenvolvimento brasileiro só faria sentido se fosse também social, capaz de integrar os excluídos (Formação Econômica do Brasil, 1959). Milton Santos, por sua vez, denunciava a “globalização perversa”, que produz riqueza para poucos e invisibilidade para muitos, e apostava numa globalização solidária, feita a partir do território (Por uma Outra Globalização, 2000). Essas reflexões dialogam diretamente com a proposta de uma política
enraizada na mineiridade. Porque a mineiridade é, em essência, territorial: nasce da roça, das cidades médias, dos becos de Ouro Preto e das ruas de Belo Horizonte. É local e universal, como deve ser a política contemporânea.
E não podemos esquecer de Afonso Arinos, mineiro que sempre insistiu no papel de Minas como centro de equilíbrio do país. Para ele, Minas não podia se omitir: sua posição geográfica e cultural impunha responsabilidade histórica.
Num país marcado por desigualdade, exclusão e divisão, o desafio central é reconstruir a brasiliade como projeto comum. Isso não significa apagar conflitos, mas criar espaços de encontro. Hannah Arendt, ainda que não brasileira, dizia que a política nasce do “estar juntos”. Nossos pensadores lembram que esse “estar juntos” precisa levar em conta nossas feridas históricas. É justamente isso que a mineiridade pode oferecer: uma forma de lidar com o conflito sem
ruptura, de buscar síntese sem dominação.
Se Tiradentes nos ensinou a sonhar, se Tancredo nos ensinou a dialogar, agora cabe a Minas mostrar que é possível reconciliar. Mineiridade é, em última instância, brasiliade. É a lembrança de que só haverá futuro se houver escuta, diálogo, cultura e integração social. O Brasil precisa de síntese; Minas sabe fazê-la.
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