ASCOM – UESB VCA (ascom@uesb.edu.br)
Uma planta típica do sertão baiano, usada há décadas em chás caseiros para aliviar dores de Estômago, agora pode ganhar um novo papel: a prevenção da Cárie Dentária. É o que revelou uma pesquisa feita na Uesb, no campus de Jequié, que testou o extrato da Maytenus truncata, conhecida popularmente como Espinheira-Santa, contra a bactéria Streptococcus mutans, principal causadora da doença.
Liderado por Gabriel Cairo, Mestre em Enfermagem e Saúde pela Uesb, o estudo mostrou, que mesmo em baixas concentrações, o extrato da planta foi capaz de inibir o crescimento das bactérias que provocam as Cáries. Além disso, os testes apontaram que o efeito antimicrobiano é comparável ou até superior a substâncias presentes em enxaguantes bucais. “Isso nos dá esperança de desenvolver produtos eficazes com uma dose pequena de planta, o que é bom para o meio ambiente e para a produção em larga escala”, afirma Gabriel.
Como o estudo foi feito – Para avaliar a ação da planta, os pesquisadores coletaram folhas da Maytenus truncata na zona rural de Jequié. “A Maytenus truncata é praticamente exclusiva do nosso Bioma Caatinga, o que torna essa descoberta ainda mais especial. Além de valorizar a nossa biodiversidade, mostramos que a ciência feita aqui pode gerar soluções para problemas de Saúde Pública”, destaca o pesquisador.
A planta foi processada em Laboratório e transformada em Extrato Etanólico, que depois foi testado em diferentes concentrações sobre culturas da bactéria Streptococcus mutans, isolada de uma amostra de saliva. “Escolhemos trabalhar com uma cepa clínica, ou seja, uma bactéria real, retirada da boca de uma pessoa, e não uma amostra de Laboratório. Isso dá mais realismo e confiança aos resultados”, explica.
Os testes incluíram dois métodos: análise em placas de cultura e medições com Espectrofotômetro – um equipamento que mede o crescimento das bactérias ao longo do tempo. As análises mostraram que, em determinadas concentrações, o Extrato da Espinheira-Santa conseguiu reduzir o crescimento da bactéria de forma significativa.
Novos passos – Uma curiosidade da pesquisa foi testar extratos de folhas com e sem espinhos. Os resultados foram levemente diferentes, o que indica que diferentes partes da planta podem ter composições químicas distintas. “Como os espinhos são folhas modificadas, eles podem concentrar compostos específicos. Futuramente, podemos estudar qual parte da planta é mais eficaz e otimizar a produção do extrato”, comenta o pesquisador.
Cézar Casotti, professor da Uesb e também pesquisador do trabalho, pontua que, em um cenário onde a Saúde Bucal ainda é um desafio para muitas comunidades, encontrar soluções acessíveis, naturais e eficazes pode fazer a diferença. “Esse é um exemplo claro de como o conhecimento gerado dentro da Universidade Pública pode impactar positivamente a vida das pessoas. A Uesb está de portas abertas para a pesquisa, para a inovação e para a valorização do que é nosso”, conclui Cézar.
A equipe agora planeja novos estudos para verificar se o Extrato é seguro para uso em humanos, além de testar sua eficácia em condições clínicas, como em pacientes com alta incidência de Cáries. “Nosso objetivo é desenvolver um produto com identidade regional. Pensamos em um Enxaguante Bucal que leve, no nome, a Espinheira-Santa e que valorize o Sudoeste da Bahia. Isso é ciência com raízes e com propósito”, afirma Gabriel.
A investigação foi realizada por uma equipe interdisciplinar com formação em Odontologia, Farmácia e Biologia.
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