POR ASCOM/UESB (ascom@uesb.edu.br)
Desde 2020, a presença de profissionais da Psicologia se tornou obrigatória na rede pública de Educação do país. A medida foi aprovada pela Lei Federal nº 13.935/19 e propõe, exatamente, atender demandas relacionadas ao processo de escolarização da população, incluindo aspectos sociais, de saúde e desenvolvimentais.
Diante dessa realidade, uma pesquisa desenvolvida no curso de Psicologia da Uesb mostra que quase metade dos municípios na Bahia ainda não atendem essa obrigatoriedade. Dos 417 municípios baianos, apenas 220 cidades têm Psicólogo identificado na Educação, segundo o estudo liderado pelo professor Pablo Jacinto, do Departamento de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (DFCH) da Uesb.
Além disso, parte dos municípios conta apenas com um único profissional para atender a demanda de uma rede com 10, 20 ou mais Escolas Públicas, incluindo Escolas Rurais, que apresentam demandas específicas e complexas. “A presença simbólica de Psicólogos, sem uma distribuição proporcional à demanda, não resolve o problema central da qualidade do atendimento Psicológico Educacional”, aponta Pablo.
Outro dado revelado é que a maior parte das contratações desses profissionais ocorrem de forma precária (Processos Seletivos Simplificados ou Temporários), e poucos municípios possuem Psicólogos concursados efetivos em seus quadros. Quanto às condições de trabalho, a média salarial é de R$ 2.000,00 mensais para jornadas de 30 a 40 horas semanais.
O estudo evidencia ainda uma sobrecarga de demandas em outros serviços públicos que contam com Psicólogos, como os Centros de Referência de Assistência Social e os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial. “Esse fenômeno decorre diretamente da ausência de Psicólogos nas Escolas, levando as Unidades de Ensino a encaminharem questões de aprendizagem, desenvolvimento e comportamento escolar para serviços não especializados em tais demandas”, explica o pesquisador.
Demandas escolares –
A atuação do Psicólogo no âmbito escolar já é uma realidade, sobretudo, em grandes Escolas particulares, mas ainda se revela deficiente na rede pública. O trabalho desses profissionais permite um acompanhamento adequado dos processos de Ensino-Aprendizagem, de questões Psicológicas e das vulnerabilidades sociais enfrentadas por crianças e adolescentes.
Estratégias de inclusão na Escola, assessoria de professores, elaboração e implementação de projetos educacionais, estratégias de combate à violência escolar e Bullying, valorização racial e da diversidade, entre outras questões fazem parte da atuação do Psicólogo nesse contexto. “Nossa atuação abrange todos os níveis e modalidades de Ensino, atendendo crianças, adolescentes e adultos em seu processo educacional. Na Escola Pública, em especial, nosso trabalho ganha dimensão social”, explica Pablo.
O levantamento foi feito em 2024, em documentos públicos oficiais, com busca específica por cargos de Psicólogo Escolar e profissionais vinculados às Secretarias Municipais de Educação. Fruto da disciplina “Tópicos especiais em Psicologia e Educação”, o estudo contou com a participação das bolsistas de Iniciação Científica, Nágila Rejane Oliveira e Maiane Oliveira.
A pesquisa integra, ainda, os trabalhos do Observatório Psicologia e Desenvolvimento Humano. A perspectiva é dar continuidade às pesquisas, ampliando seu alcance, com especial atenção às particularidades do contexto baiano, e aprofundando as análises.
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