Alta no número de recuperações judiciais expõe fragilidade das empresas brasileiras e necessidade de rever o planejamento e buscar outras alternativas
Por Durães & Barros Advogados/ Via Mariana Lanfranchi
O Brasil registrou um recorde de 2.273 pedidos de recuperação judicial em 2024, um aumento de 61,8% em relação a 2023, segundo dados da Serasa Experian. O crescimento da modalidade reflete o cenário econômico desafiador, no qual 51,8 milhões de contas de pessoas jurídicas estão negativadas, e mais de 7,2 milhões de CNPJs encontram-se travados para transações financeiras. Apesar do aumento expressivo, a adesão à recuperação judicial ainda é baixa, especialmente entre pequenas e médias empresas, que enfrentam dificuldades no processo e temem não obter sucesso na reestruturação.
Hellen Durães, sócia da Durães & Barros Advogados, destaca que a recuperação judicial pode ser uma solução eficaz, mas exige planejamento e estratégia. “O aumento dos pedidos de RJ reflete o desespero de muitas empresas para se manterem ativas. No entanto, a ferramenta não deve ser vista como um mero adiamento de dívidas. A empresa precisa de um plano realista e viável para que a reestruturação seja bem-sucedida”, afirma.
Por que tantas empresas recorrem à recuperação judicial?
A recuperação judicial foi criada para permitir que empresas em dificuldades financeiras possam renegociar suas dívidas e continuar operando, evitando a falência. No entanto, a taxa de sucesso no Brasil ainda é baixa. Apenas cerca de 25% das empresas que entram com o pedido conseguem concluir o processo com êxito, enquanto nos Estados Unidos esse número gira em torno de 35%, e na Europa, pode chegar a 60%.
“A grande questão é que, no Brasil, a recuperação judicial ainda é muito focada na quitação das dívidas e menos na reestruturação do negócio. Esse viés pode comprometer a efetividade do processo, pois muitas empresas saem da RJ sem uma base sólida para crescer novamente”, explica Hellen Durães.
Além disso, a burocracia e os custos envolvidos no processo afastam micro e pequenos empresários da ferramenta. De acordo com a Serasa Experian, 1.676 pedidos de RJ em 2024 vieram de micro e pequenas empresas, um crescimento de 78,4% em relação ao ano anterior. “Esses números mostram que o problema afeta diretamente os pequenos negócios, que são a base da economia do país. Muitas dessas empresas recorrem à RJ como último recurso, sem uma estratégia estruturada para reverter a situação”, alerta a especialista.
Alternativas e precauções antes da recuperação judicial
Antes de optar pela recuperação judicial, o ideal é que as empresas explorem alternativas, como a renegociação direta com credores e a recuperação extrajudicial. Essa última tem se mostrado uma opção viável para companhias que conseguem estruturar um acordo sem a necessidade de intervenção do Judiciário.
“Uma boa gestão financeira e um planejamento estratégico bem alinhado podem evitar que a empresa chegue ao ponto de precisar da RJ. Muitas vezes, o problema não é apenas a dívida em si, mas a falta de visão para reestruturar o negócio de maneira sustentável”, comenta Hellen Durães.
Outra alternativa que tem ganhado espaço é o DIP Financing (Debtor-in-Possession Financing), modalidade prevista na Lei 14.112/20, que permite que empresas em recuperação judicial obtenham crédito prioritário para viabilizar sua reestruturação. No entanto, no Brasil, a implementação dessa ferramenta ainda enfrenta desafios regulatórios e jurídicos, tornando seu acesso mais complexo.
Recuperação judicial: solução ou armadilha?
A recuperação judicial pode ser um instrumento essencial para empresas em dificuldades, mas é necessário avaliar os riscos e os desafios do processo. “A decisão de entrar com um pedido de RJ deve ser tomada com base em uma análise criteriosa da viabilidade da empresa. Se não houver uma estratégia clara e um plano de recuperação bem estruturado, a RJ pode acabar sendo apenas um adiamento da falência”, conclui Hellen Durães.
Com o aumento dos pedidos em 2025, torna-se fundamental que empresários busquem orientação jurídica e financeira antes de recorrer à recuperação judicial. O planejamento antecipado e a escolha das estratégias corretas podem ser decisivos para garantir a sobrevivência e o crescimento sustentável dos negócios.
Sobre a Durães & Barros Advogados:
Fundada em 1985, a Durães & Barros Advogados é referência em direito tributário, empresarial, trabalhista e imobiliário. Com uma relação sólida com o bairro do Brás, uma das áreas mais importantes para o comércio em São Paulo, o escritório combina décadas de experiência com a expertise internacional de seus sócios Hellen Durães e Bruno de Barros. A Durães & Barros atende uma ampla gama de empresas, oferecendo soluções jurídicas sob medida, com foco no crescimento e na proteção de negócios.
Foto: Freepik
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