Já 90 milhões não possuem coleta e nem tratamento de esgotos; dados são do Sistema Nacional de Informações em Saneamento Básico e compõem estudo sobre avanços do Marco Legal do Saneamento Básico no Brasil de 2025, divulgado pelo Instituto Trata Brasil
POR BIANCA MINGOTE – AGÊNCIA BRASIL 61 (agenciadoradio@agenciadoradio.com.b)
No Brasil, 34 milhões de brasileiros vivem sem acesso à água potável. A falta de acesso ao saneamento básico também abrange aqueles que não possuem coleta e nem tratamento de esgotos em suas residências – o que atinge 90 milhões de habitantes do país. O cenário foi revelado pelo estudo sobre avanços do Marco Legal do Saneamento Básico no Brasil de 2025, divulgado pelo Instituto Trata Brasil, composto por dados do Sistema Nacional de Informações em Saneamento Básico (Sinisa).
O levantamento aponta que os dados mais recentes do Sinisa referentes a 2023 revelam que 83,1% da população contava com acesso ao sistema de abastecimento de água e apenas 55,2% com acesso ao sistema de esgotamento sanitário. Além disso, do total de água consumida naquele ano, cerca de 51,8% se convertiam em esgoto tratado. Em termos absolutos, isso significa que aproximadamente 34 milhões de habitantes não possuem atendimento com sistemas formais de água. Já mais de 90 milhões vivem sem coleta e nem tratamento de esgotos.
O Marco Legal do Saneamento Básico completa cinco anos e, diante desses dados, o estudo afirma que é evidente a lentidão com que os serviços de saneamento básico avançam no país, apesar das metas estabelecidas pelo Marco em 2020.
As metas estabelecem um percentual de atendimento de 99% da população com abastecimento de água potável e 90% com coleta e tratamento de esgotos até 2033.
A presidente executiva do Instituto Trata Brasil, Luana Pretto, destaca as consequências do não cumprimento das metas de saneamento até 2033, como previstas pelo Marco Legal.
“Se o Brasil não conseguir cumprir essas metas estabelecidas até 2033, nós temos muitas consequências. A primeira delas, claro, a questão ambiental envolvida. Nós lançamos por dia mais de 5.200 piscinas olímpicas de esgoto bruto na natureza. Esse esgoto vai se infiltrar no solo, ele vai chegar nos rios causando poluição e depois também nos mares. Então, temos uma consequência de degradação ambiental de uma maneira geral, mas também temos uma consequência social bastante grande, porque há uma piora na saúde da população, sem o saneamento básico”, afirma Luana Pretto.
Considerando o cenário da falta de acesso ao saneamento básico no país para milhões de brasileiros, o estudo aponta que “nesse contexto, a universalização não será alcançada sem um maior engajamento dos prestadores de serviços e o comprometimento dos governos federal, estaduais e municipais”.
O estudo evidencia, ainda, que a prestação dos serviços de água e esgoto e os respectivos investimentos apresentam avanços relevantes. No entanto, ainda há distância para cumprimento das metas de universalização previstas.
Irregularidade contratual
O levantamento mostra que a exigência de comprovação da capacidade econômico-financeira, prorrogada pelo Decreto 11.598/2023, contribuiu para reduzir de forma expressiva a irregularidade contratual.
Pelo estudo, hoje, cerca de 7% dos municípios – o que representa 3% da população – permanecem irregulares. Estas localidades estão situadas principalmente no Acre, na Paraíba e em Roraima.
“Esse avanço decorreu sobretudo de processos licitatórios e desestatizações, que reorganizaram a prestação dos serviços e ampliaram o grupo de municípios considerados regulares”, pontua o estudo.
Foto: Carolina Gonçalves/Agência Brasil
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