Com modelo inédito, um dos mais caros medicamentos do mundo é ofertado de forma gratuita na rede pública. Expectativa é atender 137 crianças com a condição rara em dois anos
POR GABRIELA COSTA – SECOM/PR
O Governo Federal viabilizou, na rede pública de saúde, as primeiras aplicações do zolgensma, medicamento de altíssimo custo utilizado no tratamento de crianças com Atrofia Muscular Espinhal (AME). Essa é a primeira terapia gênica incorporada ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Duas bebês, com menos de seis meses de vida, receberam a terapia simultaneamente na quarta-feira, 14 de maio, no Hospital da Criança José Alencar, em Brasília (DF), e no Hospital Maria Lucinda, em Recife (PE).
ALTO CUSTO — O zolgensma é considerado um dos medicamentos mais caros do mundo, com custo médio de R$ 7 milhões por dose única. O fornecimento gratuito no SUS foi possível graças a um modelo inovador de Acordo de Compartilhamento de Risco, firmado entre o Governo Federal e a fabricante.
O Brasil se tornou o sexto país no mundo a ofertar o medicamento em sistemas públicos de saúde, após Espanha, Inglaterra, Argentina, França e Alemanha. O acordo realizado estabelece que o pagamento só será feito se o tratamento for eficaz, o que garantiu ao Brasil o menor preço lista do mundo.
HISTÓRICO — Durante visita ao Hospital da Criança em Brasília, o ministro da Saúde, Alexandre Padilha, celebrou o momento como um marco para a saúde pública no país. “Seria impossível para as famílias arcarem com um custo tão alto. É uma terapia gênica muito importante e inovadora, por isso garantir esse atendimento e poder acolher essas famílias é um momento de muita emoção”, disse o ministro.
INDICAÇÃO — O medicamento é indicado exclusivamente a crianças com AME tipo 1, com até seis meses de idade, que não dependem de ventilação mecânica invasiva por mais de 16 horas por dia. As duas bebês atendidas foram priorizadas por estarem próximas do limite de idade para receber a infusão e por cumprirem todos os critérios clínicos previstos no Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas da Atrofia Muscular Espinhal (AME) 5q tipos 1 e 2.
“É emocionante, porque a gente nunca perde a esperança como mãe. Ver minha filha, daqui pra frente, poder andar, correr, falar e me chamar de mãe vai ser excelente. Posso viver a maternidade de uma forma diferente” – Milena Brito, Mãe de bebê que recebeu a infusão de zolgensma em Brasília
EMOÇÃO — Millena Brito, mãe da bebê que recebeu a infusão em Brasília (DF), descobriu o diagnóstico de AME aos 13 dias de vida da filha. Para ela, o tratamento oferecido pelo SUS foi o melhor presente que poderia receber. “É emocionante, porque a gente nunca perde a esperança como mãe. Ver minha filha, daqui pra frente, poder andar, correr, falar e me chamar de mãe vai ser excelente. Posso viver a maternidade de uma forma diferente”, afirmou Millena, emocionada.
Com a garantia do acesso ao medicamento, as crianças poderão ter ganhos motores significativos, como a capacidade de engolir e mastigar, sustentar o tronco e sentar-se sem apoio. A expectativa do Governo Federal é atender 137 pacientes nos primeiros dois anos, impactando diretamente na qualidade de vida. Atualmente, um total de 15 pedidos foram protocolados para acesso ao medicamento no SUS e estão sendo encaminhados, começando por estes dois atendimentos.
INTERVENÇÕES — Embora a AME não tenha cura, as terapias disponíveis ajudam a estabilizar sua progressão. Além do zolgensma, de dose única, o SUS oferece nusinersena e risdiplam, de uso contínuo, que atuam para evitar a progressão da doença. Sem essas intervenções, essas crianças enfrentam alto risco de morte antes dos dois anos de idade. Quem recebe o zolgensma não precisa receber outra terapia para AME.
COMO TER ACESSO — As famílias devem procurar um dos 36 serviços especializados em doenças raras do SUS. Um médico realizará a avaliação clínica da criança e, caso os critérios de elegibilidade sejam atendidos, o processo de solicitação da terapia será iniciado.
Dos 36 serviços, 31 já estão aptos a realizar a infusão da terapia gênica — sendo 22 já habilitados e nove em fase de capacitação. Os serviços estão disponíveis em Alagoas, Ceará, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo e no Distrito Federal.
Nos estados que ainda não contam com serviços habilitados para a infusão, o acordo garante, além do medicamento, o custeio de passagens e hospedagem para o paciente e um familiar responsável.
ACOMPANHAMENTO — As crianças que recebem o zolgensma serão acompanhadas clinicamente até os cinco anos de idade pelo serviço de referência responsável pela infusão. Esse processo está alinhado com o Protocolo Clínico e com o Acordo de Compartilhamento de Risco. Após a infusão, o paciente deve permanecer internado por no mínimo 24 horas, sob observação clínica contínua.
AVANÇOS — Incorporações como a do zolgensma mostram a capacidade do SUS em absorver terapias que envolvem alta complexidade. A adoção do modelo de compartilhamento de risco é uma alternativa para aquisição de medicamentos de altíssimo custo e cujos resultados requerem mais evidências científicas.
Como vai funcionar o pagamento pelo governo:
- 40% do preço total, no ato da infusão da terapia;
- 20%, após 24 meses da infusão, se o paciente atingir controle da nuca; 20%, após 36 meses da infusão, se o paciente alcançar controle de tronco (sentar-se por, no mínimo, 10 segundos sem apoio);
- 20%, após 48 meses da infusão, se houver manutenção dos ganhos motores alcançados;
- Haverá cancelamento das parcelas se houver óbito ou progressão da doença para ventilação mecânica permanente.
Onde encontrar os serviços de referência
Foto – Bebê que recebeu a terapia na quarta-feira, 14 de maio, no Hospital da Criança José Alencar, em Brasília (DF) – Foto: Igor Evangelista/MS
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