BNDES lança edital de R$ 20 milhões para cooperativas de reciclagem

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Seleção pública foi aberta hoje e permanecerá até 5 de maio

Por Pedro Rafael Vilela* – Repórter da Agência Brasil

O Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) anunciou nesta quinta-feira (13) um programa para apoiar cooperativas de catadores de materiais recicláveis, com o objetivo de fortalecer a capacidade produtiva e ampliar a comercialização e o rendimento dessas entidades no mercado de reciclagem. Batizada de Tudo na Circularidade, em menção à ideia de economia circular, a iniciativa conta com R$ 20 milhões do Fundo Socioambiental do BNDES, que serão usados na contratação de uma entidade gestora para tocar o projeto na ponta. A seleção pública está aberta até 5 de maio.

“Essa entidade gestora vai coordenar a elaboração de editais, seleção de projetos, contratação e acompanhamento dos executores, de acordo com as realidades locais das cooperativas em todo o país”, explicou a diretora Socioambiental do BNDES, Tereza Campelo, durante evento de lançamento do projeto. Segundo Tereza Campelo, esses recursos aportados poderão ser ampliados com a adesão de empresas e entidades públicas e privadas.

“Queremos juntar recursos. O BNDES está entrando com recursos, no caso R$ 20 milhões, e queremos buscar outros grandes colaboradores, que podem ser empresas, governos, instituições públicas e privadas. O total esperado é de R$ 100 milhões”, estimou.

Créditos de Logística Reversa

A principal meta do Tudo na Circularidade é ampliar o acesso de redes de cooperativas e associações de catadores de materiais recicláveis ao mercado de créditos de logística reversa (CLR) e impulsionar a geração de emprego e renda para esse segmento de trabalhadores.

A logística reversa é um dos principais instrumentos da Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), instituída em lei federal desde 2010. Esse termo define um conjunto de “ações, procedimentos e meios destinados a viabilizar a coleta e a restituição dos resíduos sólidos ao setor empresarial, para reaproveitamento, em seu ciclo ou em outros ciclos produtivos, ou outra destinação final ambientalmente adequada”.

Pela lei, diversos setores econômicos, incluindo fabricantes, importadores, distribuidores e comerciantes de produtos como agrotóxicos, pilhas e baterias, pneus, lâmpadas, eletroeletrônicos, óleos lubrificantes, medicamentos e produtos embalados em plástico, metal e vidro, entre outros, devem instituir sistemas de logística reversa para que suas embalagens retornem ao ciclo produtivo ou tenham destinação adequada após o consumo. Isso deve ocorrer de forma independente do serviço público de limpeza urbana. 

Uma das formas de viabilizar a logística reversa de embalagens foi a criação de um sistema de compensação, semelhante aos “créditos de carbono”, em que as empresas podem remunerar agentes da cadeia produtiva da reciclagem que atuam na coleta, separação e reinserção desses materiais, que inclui principalmente os catadores e suas cooperativas.

“Estamos em um novo momento, falando de circularidade, logística reversa. São temas novos para os catadores, que precisam ter acesso de fato. Quem coloca a mão na massa são os catadores, mas, muitas vezes, os créditos vão para outros agentes”, afirmou o presidente da Associação Nacional de Catadores (Ancat), Roberto Rocha. “Esse programa precisa do BNDES precisa contribuir para que os catadores consigam se inserir nessa massa de crédito”, acrescentou.

O edital do BNDES pretende apoiar as cooperativas em capacitação e apoio para adoção de tecnologias modernas de coleta, separação e tratamento de resíduos; agregação de valor, armazenamento e comercialização; gestão, incremento do conhecimento técnico e comercialização; atendimento à legislação ambiental e sanitária e aumento da produção e da renda.

“As cooperativas recebem resíduos, separam e são remuneradas pela venda dos resíduos separados, pelo seu peso. Essa renda é frequentemente menor que um salário mínimo ou daquela de quando os catadores trabalhavam de forma autônoma nos lixões. Nós queremos dar condições para que essas entidades sejam remuneradas também pela prestação por serviços ambientais que elas fazem, por meio do crédito de logística reversa”, argumentou Tereza Campelo. 

Conforme o edital, o parceiro gestor selecionado coordenará elaboração de editais, seleção de projetos, contratação e acompanhamento dos executores.

O processo de seleção do gestor terá quatro etapas: eliminatória, classificatória preliminar, apresentação oral das propostas e classificação final, com previsão de conclusão em até 150 dias. Os critérios de seleção incluem qualificação do gestor e equipe, qualidade da proposta e custos.

O edital para a seleção está aberto até as 18h do dia 5 de maio de 2025. Podem participar pessoas jurídicas de direito privado sem fins lucrativos sediadas no Brasil.

Lixões

Metade dos municípios brasileiros, onde vivem 18 milhões de pessoas, despeja resíduos em lixões. São mais de 2,5 mil lixões ainda em operação no país. Cerca de 77 milhões de toneladas de resíduos sólidos urbanos não tem destinação adequada no Brasil, o que representa cerca de 43% do total.

Um estudo do Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA) estima que, se o país aproveitasse os materiais recicláveis aterrados ou descartados em lixões, incluindo papel, papelão, plásticos, metais, vidro e orgânicos, o volume anual de receita ultrapassaria os R$ 38 bilhões. “Isso é três vezes o valor necessário para encerrar todos os lixões ainda existentes no país”, explicou o diretor do Departamento de Gestão de Resíduos do MMA, Eduardo Santos. 

De acordo com a Associação Brasileira de Resíduos e Meio Ambiente (Abrema), o índice de reciclagem é de pouco mais de 8% no Brasil.

Ainda segundo o diretor do MMA, o projeto do BNDES também pode atrair empresas interessadas em incentivar a reciclagem mediante desconto em tributos federais, como o Imposto de Renda (IR), medida que foi viabilizada com a regulamentação da Lei de Incentivo à Reciclagem, que entrou em vigor no final do ano passado.

“Está disponível para qualquer projeto de reciclagem, acessar uma dedução fiscal por meio do Imposto de Renda. Então, esses projetos podem ser apoiados por patrocinadores, que vão poder abater do imposto de renda. A gente enxerga como potencial que alavanca a reciclagem em sinergia com esse projeto do BNDES”, observou Eduardo Santos. 

* Colaborou Rafael Cardoso, do Rio de Janeiro

Foto: © Divulgação/Recicla Latas

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